Week 10 Central Nervous System The Brain Sheep HumanHuman BrainBrain Brain

Objective 1: Anatomy of the Human Brain & Cranial Nerves

4 Divisions of the brain Cerebrum (gold area) Diencephalon (Violet area) Brain stem (green area) Cerebellum (pink area)

Fissure Sulcus Gyrus Ventricles General Structures Left HemisphereRight Hemisphere Gray Matter – Cerebral cortex & Basal nuclei White Matter – Myelinated fiber tracts (axons) Frontal cut

Recap: Pyramidal Cells of Cerebral Cortex Cerebral Cortex – Gray Matter Histology - Recap

White matter: The brain's connections

External Structures Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe Occipital lobe Central sulcus Lateral sulcus Parieto-occipital sulcus Transversefissure Postcentral gyrusPrecentral gyrus Cerebellum

Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Longitudinal fissure Left Hemisphere Right Hemisphere Central sulcus Precentral gyrus Postcentral gyrus

Septum pellucidum Fornix Midsagittal Section of Human Brain Corpus callosum Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe Central sulcus Parieto- occipital sulcus

Septum pellucidum Fornix Midsagittal Section of Human Brain Corpus callosum Thalamus Hypothalamus Pineal Gland Infundibulum Pituitary Gland Mammillary Body

Septum pellucidum Fornix Midsagittal Section of Human Brain Corpus callosum Thalamus Hypothalamus Pineal Gland Infundibulum Pituitary Gland Mammillary Body Pons Medulla Oblongata Midbrain Corprora quadrigemina Superior colliculi Cerebral peduncle Inferior colliculi

Septum pellucidum Fornix Midsagittal Section of Human Brain Corpus callosum Thalamus Hypothalamus Pineal Gland Infundibulum Pituitary Gland Mammillary Body Pons Medulla Oblongata Midbrain Arbor Vitae Cerebellum

Real Brain Occipital lobe lobe Frontal Temporal lobe Parietal lobe Gyrus Lateral sulcus Central sulcus Transverse Fissure Parieto-occipital Sulcus

Longitudinal fissure Central sulcus Postcentral gyrus Precentral gyrus Frontal lobe lobe Occipitallobe Real Brain Parietal

Midsagittal Section of Human Brain Corpus Callosum Fornix Septum pellucidum Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Frontal lobe Temporal lobe Brainstem Cerebellum Diencephalon

Corpus callosum Fornix Lateral Ventricles Septum pellucidum Longitudinal fissure Diencephalon Frontal Section of Human Brain

Structures of & related to the Diencephalon Midsagittal Section Corpus callosum Fornix Intermediatemass Hypothalamus Mammillary body Pineal body/ gland Thalamus Epithalamus Pituitary Gland

Pons Medulla oblongata Midbrain: Corpora quadrigemina Superior colliculi Superior colliculi Inferior colliculi Inferior colliculi Cerebral peduncle Spinal cord Brainstem Corpus callosum Fornix Diencephalon

Corpora quadrigemina Superior colliculus Inferior colliculus Brainstem Posterior Pineal body/ gland

Arbor Vitae Cerebellar Peduncles Fourth ventricle Structures of the Cerebellum Midsagittal Section

Cerebellum Histology - Recap Purkinje Cells

Structures of the Brain Inferior View Midbrain (Cerebral peduncle) Pons Medulla oblongata Spinal cord Optic chiasma Infundibulum Mammilary Bodies Frontallobe Temporallobe Cerebellum

Functional areas of the Cerebral Cortex

Functional Mapping of Pre and Post Central Gyri

Functions of the Diencephalon Endocrine System Relay Stations Thalamus

Ventricles & Meninges

Meninges of the Brain A mnemonic PAD from deep to superficial the layers of the meninges are pia, arachnoid, dura (they pad the brain)

Ventricles of the Brain The spaces within the brain through which cerebrospinal fluid flows

Cerebrospinal fluid is continually produced by the choroid plexus found in the ventricles Die-cast model

Corpus callosum Lateral ventricles Third ventricle Ventricles Coronal Section of Brain Dien- ceph- alon

Third Ventricle Cerebral Aqueduct Fourth Ventricle

Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation Choriod plexus Superior sagittal sinus Subarachnoid space Arachnoid villus Lateral ventricles 3rd ventricle 4 th ventricle Vein Interventricular foramen Cerebral aqueduct

C r a n i a l N e r v e s

12 Pairs of Cranial Nerves On Occasion Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny - Very Good Vehicle AnyHow Oh, Oh, Oh - To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet - AH! Filaments of Olfactory nerve (I) Olfactory bulb Olfactory tract Optic nerve (II) Optic chiasma Optic tractOculomotor nerve (III) Trochlear nerve (IV) Trigeminal nerve (V) Abducens nerve (VI) Hypoglossal nerve (XII) Accessory nerve (XI) Vagus nerve (X) Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) Facial nerve (VII)

The Real Thing Olfactory Bulb (I) Optic Nerve (II) Oculomotor Nerve (III) Trigeminal Nerve (V) Abducens Nerve (VI) Vestibulo- cochlear Nerve (VIII) Facial Nerve (VII) Hypoglossal Nerve (XII) Glosso- Pharyngeal (IX) Accessory Nerves (XI) Vagus (X) Trochlear Nerve (IV)

Hemorrhagic Stroke Tumor Brain Pathologies Ischemic Stroke

Objective 2: Sheep Brain Dissection

1 Identify the external structures Inferior Sheep brain structures are the same as the human brain, only slightly different sizes

Remove Dura mater (w/ pituitary gland) Remove Dura mater (w/ pituitary gland) Identify the external structures Superior Same structures as human brain, only slightly different size2

Identify the external structures Inferior

Pull back the cerebellum to reveal Corpora Quadrigemina & Pineal Gland3

Make a midsagittal cut through the brain4

Brainstem Diencephalon5

Identify the internal structures Midsagittal

Identify the internal structures Midsagittal Lateral Ventricle Third VentricleCerebral AqueductFourth Ventricle

You may begin!