P HYSICAL GROWTH Presented by sri kamini

INTRODUCTION As a child grows, his or her nervous system becomes more mature. As this happens, the child becomes more and more capable of performing increasingly complex actions. Their growth not only by physically but also will develop by brain motor skills and also hormone changing.

T HE COURSE OF PHYSICAL GROWTH Changes in body size Changes in body proportions Changes in muscle fat makeup Skeletal growth Gains in gross motor skills Hormonal influences on physical growth Variations in body size Sex differences

CHANGES IN BODY SIZE Changes gains in height and weight. Example: the comparison between a 4 month old and 2 year old illustrates the dramatic rate of body growth the first two years. CHANGES IN BODY PROPORTIONS During the prenatal period, the heads develop first from the primitive embryonic disk, followed by the lower part of the body. After birth, the head and chest continue to have a growth advantage, but the trunk and legs gradually pick up seed.

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

CHANGES IN MUSCLE FAT MAKE UP At birth, girls have slightly more body fat than boys. Around age 8, girls start to add more fat on their arms, legs and trunk, they continue to do so throughout puberty. SKELETAL GROWTH A measure of development of the bones of the body. The embryonic skeleton is first formed out of soft, pliable tissue called cartilage. GAINS IN MOTOR SKILLS Changes in size, proportions, and muscle strength support by gross motor skills.

HORMONAL INFLUENCES ON PHYSICAL GROWTH Growth hormone(GH), the only pituitary secretion produced continuously throughout life. GH doubles during puberty. VARIATIONS IN BODY SIZE Short, tall, small and big. SEX DIFFERENCES Sex differences development are present as early as the pre-school years, increase during middle childhood, and large at adolescence.

F ACTORS AFFECTING PHYSICAL GROWTH Physical growth depends on a complex interplay between heredity and environment. Exposure to environmental pollutants, such as low level lead, can have a negative impact on children's mental and emotional functioning. With adequate diet and health, height and rate of physical growth depend largely on heredity.

BRAIN DEVELOPMENT The human brain is the most elaborate and effective living structure on earth today. Human brain has 100 to 200 billion neurons. Basic story of brain growth concerns how neurons develop and form this elaborate communication system.

P UBERTY What is puberty mean??? Rapid body growth are changes in physical features related to sexual functioning. Primary sexual characteristics, involve the reproductive organs directly ( ovaries, uterus, and vagina in females) Secondary sexual characteristics, are visible on the outside of the body and serve as additional signs of sexual maturity (eg: breast development in females, the appearance of underarm and pubic hair in both sexes).

T HE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT Pubertal change, emotion and social. Negative moods were linked to a greater number of negative life events, such as difficulties getting along with parents, disciplinary actions at school, and breaking up with a boyfriend or girlfriend. Negative events increased steadily from childhood to adolescence, and teenagers also seemed to react to them with greater emotion than children.

Parents child relationship When children enter adolescence, they resist spending time with the family and become more argumentative. Parents and children displays both conflict and affection, and they usually agree on important values, such as honesty and education. Although separation from parents is adaptive, both generations benefit from warm, protective family bonds throughout life span.

Adolescent sexual attitudes and behavior With a generation ago, more people believe that sexual intercourse before marriage is all right, as long as two people are emotionally committed to each other. Early and frequent sexual activity is linked to personal, peer, family and educational characteristics that include childhood impulsivity, weak sense of personal control over life events, early pubertal timing, parental divorce, single parent and stepfamily homes, large family size, little or no religious enrollment.