Brad Barton

 Eukaryotic cell’s have a membrane bound nuclei  They contain specialised structures known as organelles What makes up a eukaryotic cell?

2 Different types of cells

 Eukaryotic organisms have specialises structures known as organelles. Organelles are small structures within cells that perform different tasks  Organelle means little organ, each organelle is a little organ that preforms specific tasks What is a cell organelle?

Chloroplasts - A plastid usually found in plant cells - Contain green chlorophyll where photosynthesis takes place What do organelles do? Endoplasmic reticulum - Tubular network fused to nuclear membrane - Goes through cytoplasm onto cell membrane - Stores, separates, and serves as cell's transport system - Smooth type: lacks ribosomes - Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface Function - Create chemical energy from solar energy Function - Transports all types of things around the cell PTO Nucleus - Spherical shape - Visible when cell is not dividing - Contains DNA for protein manufacture The “brains” of the cell, the nucleus directs cell activities and contains genetic material called chromosomes made of DNA.

What do organelles do? Continued Ribosomes - Each cell contains thousands - Miniature 'protein factories' - Composes 25% of cell's mass - Stationary type: embedded in rough endoplasmic reticulum - Mobile type: injects proteins directly into cytoplasm Function - Make protein Mitochondria - Second largest organelle with unique genetic structure - Double-layered outer membrane with inner folds called cristae - Energy-producing chemical reactions take place on cristae - Controls level of water and other materials in cell - Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, and forms urea Function - Makes energy out of food Cell wall - Most commonly found in plant cells - Controls turgity - Extracellular structure surrounding plasma membrane - Primary cell wall: extremely elastic - Secondary cell wall: forms around primary cell wall after growth is complete Function - Supports the cell

The main difference between animal and plant cells is that plant cells have chloroplasts Plants have a rigid cell wall while animals do not Animals have phagocytic cells while plants do not Plants have chloroplasts which enable them to photosynthesize unlike animals Plant cells also contain a larger enclosed by a membrane compared to animal cells. Animal cells depend on an analogous system of gap- junctions to communicate between cells, plant cells use linking pores in their cell wall to connect to each other and pass information. Difference between animal and plant cells

plant-cells/ Bibliography