Looking Inside Cells How Do the Parts of a Cell Work? How Do Cells Work Together in an Organism?

How Large Are Cells?  Cells come in many shapes and sizes.  What about the cells in your body?  Lets do some calculations to help you get an idea of the size of human cells.

INQUIRY FOCUS Infer Materials: metric ruler meter stick calculator 1.Look at the organism in the drawing. The organism is an amoeba (uh MEE buh), a large single-celled organism. This type of amoeba is about 1 mm long. 2.Measure your height in meters with the meter stick. Multiply your height in meters by 1,000 to get your height in millimeters. How many amoebas would you have to stack end-to-end to equal your height? Procedure:

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Looking Inside Cells A Typical Animal Cell Each kind of cell structure has a different function within a cell. Where is the cell membrane?

How Do the Parts of a Cell Work?  Each kind of structure has a different function within a cell  Organelles in a Cell:

Cell Wall  A rigid layer that surrounds the cells of plants which helps support, protect, and is made of cellulose

Cell Membrane  Controls which substances pass into and out of the cell

Nucleus  The cells control center, directing all of the cells activities.  The nucleus is surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope  Chromatin, thin strands of material that fill the nucleus, contain information for directing a cells functions.

Ribosomes  Small grain-shaped organelles that produce proteins

Mitochondria  Convert energy stored in food to energy the cell can use to live and function

Endoplasmic Reticulum  A maze of passageways, often called the ER, is an organelle with a network of membranes that produces many substances for the cell to function properly

Golgi Apparatus  Receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the ER, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell or outside the cell.

Vacuoles  Stores water, food, or other materials needed by the cell. Vacuoles can also store waste produces until the wastes are removed.

Chloroplasts  Capture energy from sunlight and changes it to a form of energy cells can use for making food.

Lysosomes  Break down large food particles into smaller ones. They can also break down old cell parts and release the substances so they can be used again

Organelles of a Cell The structures of a cell look as different as their functions. Where do you find these structures in the cell diagram? Looking Inside Cells Chromatin Nucleolus Nuclear envelope Pores What does the nuclear envelope do? In what types of cells would you expect to find a lot of mitochondria? Ribosomes What do ribosomes do?

Looking Inside Cells Plant Cell These illustrations show typical structures found in plant cells. What is the function of each structure?

Animal Cell These illustrations show typical structures found in animal cells. What is the function of each structure? Looking Inside Cells

Compare and contrast the structures present in plant cells and animal cells.

Looking Inside Cells Golgi Apparatus How can this sentence be completed? The Golgi Apparatus is an organelle that ___________ and ___________ materials made in the __________.

Looking Inside Cells Model for a Cell Function How do the parts of a cell function in ways that are similar to the parts of a building?

Looking Inside Cells Chloroplast A chloroplast captures energy from sunlight and changes it to a form of energy cells can use in making food. Chloroplasts make leaves green because leaf cells contain many chloroplasts.

How Do Cells Work Together in an Organism?  Multicellular – made of many cells  Unicellular – made of one cell  Different types of cells look different from one another and also perform different functions

Levels of Organization Living things and nonliving things as well are organized in levels of increasing complexity. What are the levels of organization of your school building? Looking Inside Cells