Mohamed M. B. Alnoor zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz CHP300: Community Health Program-l zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

Objectives of school health program: health promotion of school children, health promotion of school children, prevention and control of health hazards, prevention and control of health hazards, rehabilitation of the handicapped. rehabilitation of the handicapped. zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz SCHOOL HEALTH zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

Importance of school health program: SCHOOL HEALTH The school child is the subject of special consideration for many reasons:- They are subject to the risk of communicable diseases( immunity, exposure and outcome). They undergo the stresses and strains of growth and development. They constitute a sizeable segment of the population( 35 – 39%). This group is of vital importance to the community( future generations). zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

Importance of school health program: SCHOOL HEALTH The physical, mental and emotional stresses should always be considered. Unsanitary environment is gaining lots of attention due to its impact on health. Health and education are closely related: “Education is fundamental to health and health is vital for efficient education”. i (Learning in the classroom ) zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz The school child is the subject of special consideration for many reasons:-

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz SCHOOL HEALTH  Early diagnosis and prompt treatment  Institution of healthy habits (health education)  Obtain information of health status using various types of medical inspection and evaluation  Provide an environment for healthy development ( Physical, Mental and Emotional)  Care of special groups: Handicapped, Maladjusted and Crippled. Target (Aims) zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

SCHOOL HEALTH zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz Coordinated School Health

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz SCHOOL HEALTH School Health Program : 1. Health Promotion. 2. Prevention of health hazards. 3. Medical Care. 4. Health Education. zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

SCHOOL HEALTH  Adequate nutrition, Health Promotion:  Sanitary school environment,  Meeting the needs for mental development (emotional & behavioral adjustment )  Physical fitness and activities,  Social activities and recreation. zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

SCHOOL HEALTH SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT: Value of Sanitary Environment: Basic preventive measure of communicable diseases. It is a component of health promotion. Provides feeling of comfort, and enhances educational achievement. Draws good example of clean environment. zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

SCHOOL HEALTH Components of school Environment: 1. Site and area: - easily reached. - Located in quiet area – 15 square m. / pupil 2. School building: - Damp, fire and rat proof. - 2 – 3 floors - > 1 stair case. - Governmental design ( E, T, L types ).

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz SCHOOL HEALTH 3. Class rooms: - Rectangular 6x8 = 48 m m 2 of floor area for primary school pupils, m 2 for intermediate & high school students. - Windows on left side - Allow best illumination. - White ceiling. Components of school Environment: zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

SCHOOL HEALTH 4. School furniture: - Suitably suspended writing board, - Height & slope of desks ( 15 0 angle ), - Size of seats in relation to students age & built, - Distance between columns of desks ( 60 cm.). Components of school Environment: zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

SCHOOL HEALTH - Proper illumination & ventilation, - Rat & insect proof, - Washable walls & floors, - Cold & hot water taps, - Refrigerators, Components of school Environment: zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 5. Kitchen and Dining: - Sanitary refuse baskets, - > one door - Proper control of food handlers.

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz SCHOOL HEALTH - one toilet / 30 students, - Soap & ? Paper towels Components of school Environment: zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 6. Water, Sewage and refuse disposal: - Drinking fountains, - one tap / 40 students,

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz SCHOOL HEALTH Health Appraisal Case-finding, specially of unapparent disease, Assessment of health status of school children, Baseline for follow-up of health status. Health education and guidance of students, zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz Objectives

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz SCHOOL HEALTH 1- comprehensive medical examination zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz Health Appraisal Components 3- Clinical (curative) service 4- Survey studies. 2- Screening tests,

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz SCHOOL HEALTH 1- comprehensive medical examination zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz Health Appraisal Components - Beginning of each level - Entry - Intermediate - Secondary

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz SCHOOL HEALTH 2.Screening Tests: They are simple tests which can be carried out frequently : - obesity (BMI) - visual acuity, - acuity of hearing, - IQ testing, and - dental examination. zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz Health Appraisal Components

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz SCHOOL HEALTH 3. Clinical Service:  School health units,  referrals to specialized clinics,  referrals to hospitals for diagnosis and treatment.  some cases may need specialized diagnosis or/and management. zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz Health Appraisal Components

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz SCHOOL HEALTH 4.Survey Studies: Occasionally required, specially when precise data are not available zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz Health Appraisal Components  nutritional deficiency  parasitic diseases  handicapping conditions

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz SCHOOL HEALTH May be congenital or acquired. Children with minor or mild cases of disability can attend regular schools, Severe forms (e.g. the deaf, blind, or mentally retarded) would attend special institutes. zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz Health Appraisal Components Handicapping conditions:

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz SCHOOL HEALTH Some forms in regular school:  Heart disease  Musculoskeletal deformities  Impaired vision  Impaired hearing zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz Health Appraisal Components Handicapping conditions:

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz SCHOOL HEALTH Each child should have his own health record Contents of Record: - Personal and social data. - Results of health appraisal. - Immunizations/date/age. - Any morbidity, and management data. zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz Health Appraisal Components School Health Record

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz SCHOOL HEALTH For reference whenever health data are needed; (e.g. past medical history to assist diagnosis of existing disease.) Allows follow-up of chronic disease. Collecting statistical data and indices of school children, ( for future planning and evaluation of health services). zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz Health Appraisal Components School Health Record Value of Health Record:

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz SCHOOL HEALTH - Spotting suspected cases through supervision of the students in the classrooms. -Participation in health education program. -Supporting mental health promotion. - First aid zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz Role of Teacher: Health Appraisal

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz SCHOOL HEALTH Health appraisal. First aid and emergency service. Participation in prevention and control of communicable diseases. Inspection of the school environment. Participation in health education. Supervising preparation of statistical indices and health reports. zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz Health Appraisal Role of School Health Physician :

zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz SCHOOL HEALTH