Kingdom Chiefdom Individual Band Family Tribe Distant relatives Blood relatives NOMADIC MERIT-BASED, SEMI-NOMADIC & TEMPORARY HEREDITARY, FIXED & PERMANENT POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Evolution

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Evolution

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Important terminologies – Part 1 State = country; clearly-defined borders; citizens; government; recognized by other states Nation = a group of people with shared traits like ethnicity, race, language, religion, shared history (usually tragic); amorphous boundaries; members Nation-state = a country encompassing a single or clearly dominant national group; European concept; ideal because citizenry is united Irredentism = the desire to include member of your nation who lie outside one’s borders Nationalism = the desire of a unified group of people to form their own state Secession = breaking away from one state to form a nation-state Nation without a state/stateless nation = a national group without a country of its own; divided by borders; minority status; most dangerous circumstance State without a nation/multinational state = a country with no dominant national group Centripetal forces = things that unite a state/nation-state Centrifugal forces = things that cause disunity within a state/nation-state

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Important terminologies – Part 2 Failed state = a country without a functioning government Political evolution = how a state/nation-state comes into being Political devolution = the process of a state/nation-state/empire falling apart Internal organization: Federal/confederated state = a state in which national/political groups are afforded some degree of autonomy; can be democracies, oligarchies, but usually not dictatorships Unitary state = a state in which authority is centralized and in which national/political groups are expected to be subservient to the greater whole; can be democracies, oligarchies, dictatorships Extranationalism: Empire/imperialism = a collection of nations held together by some kind of positive unifying ideal or conquered nations/states held together by force; contiguous or global; collapse causes greatest political turmoil Colony/colonialism = a dependent territory ruled by a larger power Mandate territory = control of foreign lands determined by treaty

Stop here! This is the limit from the political geography lecture for which you are responsible for the Final Exam Fall 2015

The Long and Difficult Historical Geography of the Evolution of the German Nation-State

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Evolution Franks

D. Hardin Aachen, Germany Charlemagne CE Clovis CE 496 Reims Charles Martel Battle of Tours, 732 CE POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Germanic Migrations Franks

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Evolution Charlemagne’s Empire, CE Treaty of Verdun, CE Normans

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Evolution Thirty Years War Peace of Westphalia, 1648

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Evolution Napoleonic Wars Congress of Vienna, 1815 Napoleon

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Evolution German unification, Bismarck

D. Hardin POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Devolution World War One reprisals Germany Treaty of Versailles, 1919

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Evolution Nazi Empire,

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Evolution Nazi Empire, Irredentism

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Devolution World War Two reprisals German displacement,

D. Hardin POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Devolution World War Two reprisals Divided Germany Iron Curtain Berlin Wall

D. Hardin POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Devolution Reunification German nation-state 1990-present

D. Hardin POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Devolution – Collapse of Empires World War One reprisals Austro-Hungarian Empire Treaty of Trianon, 1920

D. Hardin POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY World War One reprisals Austro-Hungarian Empire Treaty of Trianon, 1920 Devolution – Collapse of Empires

D. Hardin POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Post-Cold War 1991-present Devolution – Collapse of Empires

Adriatic Sea SLOVENIA CROATIA BOSNIA- HERZEGOVINA YUGOSLAVIA (SERBIA) MACEDONIA ALBANIA Montenegro Kosovo Vojvodina Ljubljana Zagreb Sarajevo Belgrade Skopje GREECE ITALY ROMANIA HUNGARY BULGARIA AUSTRIA Drava Sava Danube Lines of Division in the Former Yugoslavia AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE OTTOMAN EMPIRE (Arabic) ROMAN CATHOLIC (Latin) EASTERN ORTHODOX (Cyrillic) POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Former Yugoslavia Devolution – Collapse of Empires

D. Hardin POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Yugoslavia Devolution – Collapse of Empires

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY Supranationalism European Union D. Hardin