Common Excuses: Why are you late for class? How come you don’t have your homework today? Why did you get into a fight with your parents?

How could the Napoleonic wars be explained? European leaders say Napoleonic wars are a result of what happened prior to Napoleon’s rise…. FRENCH REVOLUTION Aim: How did Europe change after Napoleon? What are the problems in Europe according to the leaders? 1.France is too strong 2.Too much liberty has reduced security 3.The true leaders of Europe have lost power

SENIOR PRANK Each year the seniors at a certain public school play a “senior prank”. One year a group of seniors brought a horse into the second floor of the school building during the early morning hours. Obviously when teachers and student’s arrived that morning, the sight of the horse caused quite a commotion. As horses will not naturally walk down stairs, the horse had to be killed and then removed from the school. Everyone agreed that the students responsible for the action should be punished, but no one could agree on what the punishment was. Some of the ideas were as follow: Students apologize to the school and owner of horse One month detention A week of external suspension Not allowed to attend graduation Expelled from school Students to face criminal prosecution for B&E, theft Students receive sensitivity to animals training Execution at dawn

Important to punish those who break rules and laws but don’t want to punish too severely… WHY? May Cause Desire for Revenge

Napoleon’s Europe 1814

Congress of Vienna

Prince von Metternich -What was he trying to say?- “When France has a cold, all Europe sneezes” “Stability is not immobility.” “Any plan conceived in moderation must fail when the circumstances are set in extremes.”

Congress of Vienna ( ) European powers attempt to restore order Goals of the Congress 1.Contain France Ensure France can never conquer Europe again Weaken France and strengthen neighbors 2.Balance of Power Make sure no one country has too much power 3.Restore Legitimate Monarchs to Power Put “rightful” rulers back in power Turn away from ideal of the French Revolution Return to the Ancient Regimes

The Power Players All countries Represented but… Conference Dominated by “ big five ” England, Austria, Prussia, Russia, France Voice of many nations not heard –Polish, Italians, Belgians, Germans, Spanish National and Individual rights sacrificed for security and stability In general, very conservative

Congress of Vienna Results France is contained –Countries around France made stronger Kingdom of Netherlands created Switzerland is made an independent nation Prussia gets land west of Rhine River (left bank) –Germany forms confederation - group of states that are independent but allied for common purpose Europe, Balance of Power - no single country is allowed to become too powerful compared to countries around it –France must give back most territory taken by Napoleon –France can keep some overseas territory Monarchies are restored –France, Spain (Bourbon Family), Northern Italy (Hapsburg Family), German Rulers

Europe 1815

Long Range Consequences Europe is a peace for nearly 40 years Europe Continues a balance of power system up until 1990’s Citizens are unable to forget the lessons of French Revolution –People still challenge the old system of authority –Feelings of Nationalism grow

In your opinion were the common citizens of Europe better or worse off after the Congress of Vienna? Make sure to think about… What the people lost after the Congress of Vienna (hint: think about the French revolution, Napoleon and reforms) What the people gained