Aim #68: What are some applications of Genetic Engineering? Genetic Engineering is a process that is used to the alter the genetic instructions in organisms.

Genetic Engineering Review: 1)Scientists can target and identify a gene. 2)Cut the desired gene with restriction enzymes.

Genetic Engineering Review: 3)The gene is combined with the DNA of another organism. 4)The recombinant DNA is inserted into the cell of another organism. This process is called: GENE SPLICING Cell of an organism DNA from Organism 1 DNA from Organism 2 The combined DNA is called: Recombinant DNA

What is the end result? Cell of an organism A genetically engineered organism Recombinant DNA

1) Applications of Genetic Engineering: Scientists genetically alter the DNA of bacteria to produce human proteins. How many pieces of bacterial DNA do you see? 2 What are they called? Chromosome and a Plasmid

2) Bacterial Chromosome vs. Human Chromosome Bacterial Chromosome Human Chromosome X

3) Bacteria also have PLASMIDS Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that are found in some bacteria. Scientists alter the genetic instructions found in the Plasmids.

4) How can we alter the genetic material of bacteria to produce human insulin? Step 1: DNA is removed from a human cell and insulin gene is cut with Restriction Enzymes.

How can we alter the genetic material of bacteria to produce human insulin? Step 2: Plasmid is removed from a bacterial cell and is cut with Restriction Enzymes.

How can we alter the genetic material of bacteria to produce human insulin? Step 3: Insulin Gene and Bacterial Plasmid are _______ together to form ______________________ RecombinantDNA. Spliced

How can we alter the genetic material of bacteria to produce human insulin? Step 4: Recombinant DNA is inserted into a bacterial cell.

How can we alter the genetic material of bacteria to produce human insulin? Step 5: Bacteria undergo __________ reproduction and are capable of producing the protein insulin. Asexual

5) Scientists can also genetically alter foods: Genetically modified foods can be engineered to produce natural pesticides.

Scientists can also genetically alter foods: Genetically modified foods can be engineered to increase their content of vitamins.