Civil Rights Movement

What you need to know!! What was the significance of Brown v Board of Education? What roles did Thurgood Marshall and Oliver Hill play in the demise of segregated schools? How did Virginia respond to the Brown decision?

Brown v Board of Education Supreme Court decision that segregated schools are unequal and must desegregate. Included Virginia case. In November of 1960, Ruby Bridges became the center of attention as she was the first black to enter an all- white school when the New Orleans public school system was ordered to desegregate. Her first walk to school inspired the familiar painting by Norman Rockwell.Ruby Bridges

Brown v Board of Education Key people –Thurgood Marshall – NAACP –Legal Defense Team –Oliver Hill – NAACP Legal defense team in Virginia

Brown v Board of Education Virginia Response –Massive Resistance – Closing some schools –Establishment of private academies –White flight from urban school systems

What you need to know! How did the 1963 March on Washington influence public opinion about civil rights?

“Blowing In The Wind”

1963 March on Washington Participants were inspired by the “I have a dream” speech given by Martin Luther King. The march helped influence public opinion to support civil rights legislation. The march demonstrated the power of non-violent, mass protest.

“I Have a Dream Speech”

Martin Luther King The March

What you need to know! How did the legislative process advance the cause of civil rights for African Americans?

Civil Rights Act of 1964 The act prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, and gender. It also desegregated public accommodations. President Lyndon B. Johnson played an important role in the passage of the act.

Voting Rights Act of 1965 The act outlawed literacy tests. Federal registrars were sent to the South to register voters. The act resulted in an increase in African American voters. President Lyndon B. Johnson played an important role in the passage of the act.

What you need to know! How did the NAACP advance the civil rights for African Americans?

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) The organization challenged segregation in the courts. Ex: Brown v. Board of Education

Southern Christian Leadership Conference SCLC: MLK Jr founded this organization and advocated for nonviolent protest and not to resist even when attacked by opponents. Influenced by beliefs of Gandhi and Thoreau

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee SNCC: A student organization conceived by the SCLC. Sought immediate change as opposed to gradual change advocated by SCLC

CORE and Sit-ins CORE: Congress of Racial Equality Created the “Sit In” First used at the Jack Spratt Coffee House in Chicago Members would simply sit down at a segregated lunch counter or other public space. If they were refused service, the would simply sit until they were served Forced business owners to decide serving protestors or risk a disruption of service/loss of business

Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren Served from 1953 to 1969 He is best known for the decisions which ended school segregation and transformed many areas of American law, especially regarding the rights of the accused, ending public school-sponsored prayers, and requiring "one man–one vote" rules of apportionment of Congressional, state and local legislative districts.

Chief Justice Earl Warren He made the Supreme Court a power center on a more even basis with Congress and the Presidency, especially through four landmark decisions: Brown v. Board of Education (1954) school desegregation Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) right to an attorney Reynolds v. Sims (1964) that state legislature districts had to be roughly equal in population, Miranda v. Arizona (1966)- right to remain silent

Women on the Supreme Court Sandra Day O’Connor: First woman to serve on the Court! Ruth Bader Ginsburg Elena Kagan Sonia Sotomayor (and the first and only Hispanic to serve so far!)

Exit- use your notes to answer the following 1. What was the significance of Brown v Board of Education? 2. What roles did Thurgood Marshall and Oliver Hill play in the demise of segregated schools? 3. How did Virginia respond to the Brown decision? 4. How did the 1963 March on Washington influence public opinion about civil rights? 5. did the legislative process advance the cause of civil rights for African Americans? 6. How did the NAACP advance the civil rights for African Americans?