SOL Terms 1 BRADY

1. Renaissance Rebirth of classical ideas Art Started in Italy

2. Michelangelo Renaissance Artist The David

3. Humanism Erasmus Human behavior, emotion, potential

4. Gutenberg Printing Press Bible

5. Sonnets Shakespeare

6. 95 Theses Written by Martin Luther List of things he felt the Catholic Church was doing wrong

7. Indulgences Pardon for sins “Buying your way to Heaven” Luther’s major complaint against the Catholic Church

8. John Calvin Predestination

9. Henry VIII 6 wives King of England Broke from the Catholic Church because they would not let him get a divorce

Years War Catholics vs. Protestants Changed from a religious to a political war by Richilieu

11. Society of Jesus Jesuits Missionaries that spread Catholic ideas

12. Inquisition Punishment of non-Catholics/heretics

13. Colombian Exchange Exchange of goods, people, ideas, and diseases between the Old World (Eastern Hemisphere) and the New World (Western Hemisphere).

14. Prince Henry The Navigator School of Navigation

15. Frederick the Great King of Prussia

16. Location of the Ottoman Empire Europe/Turkey/Middle East

17. Taj Mahal Palace in India – Mughal Empire

18. Religion of Mughal Empire Islam

19. Shogun Japanese Military Leader The one with the power

20. Mercantilism Trade/Imperialism/Economic Idea

21. Divine Right God given power to rule

22. Versailles Opulent palace in France

23. Sun King Louis XIV (14 th )

24. Edict of Nantes Gives Hugenots (French Protestants) religious freedom

25. Main Contribution of Peter I Modernized/Westernized Russia

26. Heliocentric Theory Nicolaus Copernicus Sun is the center of the solar system

27. Johannas Kepler Planets move in ellipses

28. William Harvey Discovers circulation of blood

1. Thomas Hobbest Leviathan Absolute Monarchy is best form of government, people are naturally wicked/evil

2. John Locke Two Treatises on Government Life, Liberty, Property Dec of Indep: Thomas Jefferson used these ideas

3. Rousseau The Social Contract People consent to be governed in order to be protected

4. Oliver Cromwell Leader of the Roundheads during the English Civil War Took down Charles I

5. Charles II Took over after Cromwell – RESTORATION OF THE MONARCHY

6. Glorious Revolution William and Mary Create Constitutional Monarchy Gives more power to PARLIAMENT Less power to Monarchy

7. English Bill of Rights More power to people/protects rights of people

8. Bastille Prison destroyed during French Revolution First Event

9. Reign of Terror Robespierre Mass deaths by guillotine

10. Waterloo Where Napoleon is finally defeated

11. Napoleonic Code Rights to people Gave people religious freedom

12. All Weather Roads Napoleon made French roads better

13. Nationalism Extreme pride in country (increased under Napoleon)

14. Congress of Vienna Attempted to restore Europe’s boundaries to what they were before Napoleon’s conquests

15. Liberalism and Conservatism New political ideas introduced by the Congress of Vienna

16. Enclosure Movement Fenced off farms in England Bad for poor farmers – they lost their land 

17. Eli Whitney Cotton Gin Increased slavery

18. James Watt Steam Engine Yayyyy

19. Factory System Method of manufacturing Started during Industrialization Replaced Cottage Industry

20. Henry Bessemer Made it possible to mass produce steel (Bessemer Process)

21. Adam Smith Wealth of Nations CAPITALISM

22. Karl Marx Das Kapital The Communist Manifesto COMMUNISM

23. Edward Jenner Smallpox Vaccine #savestheworld

24. Louis Pasteur Discovers Bacteria

25. Simon Bolivar Helps several countries in Latin America get their INDEPENDENCE George Washington of Latin America

26. Toussaint L’Ouverture Led Haitian Revolution Former Slave

SOL TERMS 3

1. Garibaldi United SOUTHERN Italy

2. Cavour Unites NORTHERN Italy

3. Papal States Last states to unify in Italy

4. Realpolitik Politics of Reality Bismark came up with it

5. Otto Von Bismark German Unification

6. Franco-Prussian War Prussia v. France Leads to German independence

7. Reform Act of 32 More power goes to Parliament

8. Sphere of Influence Foreign power controls an area of trade in another country CHINA

9. Protectorate Form of imperialism More powerful country provides protection to smaller country for economic benefit

10. Suez Canal Connect the Mediterranean to the Red Sea Basically connects Europe to trade with India and Asia via waterway

11. British East India Company British controlled trade in India

12. Boxer Rebellion China’s attempt to end foreign influence (unsuccessful)

13. Archduke Ferdinand Ruler of Austria-Hungary Assassinated – which begins WWI Killed by Gavrilo Princep (The Black Hand)

14. Kaiser Wilhelm Leader of Germany during WWI

15. Lenin Started Communism in Russia Led the Russian Revolution Leader of the Bolsheviks

16. League of Nations Group of countries Goal is world peace/prevent future wars

17. Mandates French/British occupation of the Middle East French – Syria and Lebanon British – Transjordan, Palestine, Iraq

18. Bolsheviks Led by Lenin Took control during Russian Revolution Communists

19. Czar Nicholas Incompetent leader of Russia during WWI – taken down during Russian Revolution

20. Treaty of Versailles Punished Germany after WWI – took away lands, pay reparations, no military allowed

Points/Wilson Ideas to maintain world peace League of Nations US not a member of the League of Nations

22. Reparations Money Germany had to pay France and GB $33 Billion

23. Five Years Plans Economic plan by Stalin for USSR

24. Collectivization Idea by Stalin Created large state owned farms

25. Nazism Extreme Socialism/Germany/Hitler

26. Fascism Italy/Mussolini

SOL Terms 4 1.Kenyatta -Leader of Kenya -Got them their independence

2. Ghandi Peaceful resistance India’s independence

3. Apartheid Racial segregation in South Africa Nelson Mandela

4. Palestine Islam Israel border dispute

5. Manchuria (1931) Invaded by Japan

6. Appeasement Letting Hitler take over lands to avoid a world war

7. FDR (WW2) President

8. Harry Truman in WWII President at the end of WWII Made the decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan

9. Dwight Eisenhower US General during D DAY

10. Douglas MacArthur US General in the Pacific Island Hopping

11. George Marshall Marshall Plan Rebuild Europe

12. Hideki Tojo Military Leader - Japan

13. Hirohito Japanese emperor

14. Containment Stop the spread of Communism Part of the Truman Doctrine

15. Final Solution Hitler’s plan to exterminate the Jews during the Holocaust

16. Mao Zedong/Chiang Khai Shek Chinese Civil War Communist Leader Nationalist Leader

17. Ho Chi Minh Vietnam Leader

18. Nelson Mandela President South Africa

19. NATO/Warsaw Pact Democratic Alliance Communist Alliance

20. Rwanda Genocides Tutsis v. Hutus

21. Multi National Corporations NAFTA/UN Economic Interdependence

22. Nuremberg Trials Trials to condemn Nazi leaders