Founding of the 13 Original Colonies

 Colonies=Land=Power  Land = Raw materials  Market for finished goods  Colonists = Tax revenue  Mercantilism  Mercantilism in its purest form

 Pilgrims received a charter to settle in America  Pilgrims -Separatists who left for religious freedom  Mayflower went off course & landed in Plymouth, MA & landed in Plymouth, MA  Set precedence for gov’t & culture  Mayflower Compact –Promised to obey the laws passed “for the general good of the colony”  Wrote 1 st document setting up self-government in America

In the name of God, Amen. We whose names are [listed below], the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign (authority) Lord, King James, by the grace of God… Having [started], for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith, and honor of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia, do…in the presence of God, and one of another, [promise] and combine our selves together into a civil body politic (government), for our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of the ends [mentioned above]; and by virtue hereof to enact (pass), constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the Colony, unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In witness whereof we have hereunder subscribed our names at Cape Cod, the eleventh of November [New Style, November 21], in the year of the reign of our sovereign lord, King James, of England, France, and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty- fourth. Anno Domini 1620.

 Puritans - Protestants who wanted to reform (purify) The Church of England  Received a royal charter to leave for religious freedom to practice their religion from persecution  Create a society based on the Bible  Town meetings were their democratic government  Only white male church members could vote

 1623 settled in Portsmouth  Founded by fisherman for trade and fishing  John Wheelwright  Led group of nonconformist Puritans from MA to Exeter, NH for religious freedom  Drew up Exeter Compact- based on Mayflower Compact (self government)

 Founded by Roger Williams  Founded Providence  Opposed taking Native American land  Religious freedom and toleration  Founded on separation of church and state  Founded the 1 st Baptist Church in America

 Thomas Hooker - Puritan minister dissatisfied with MA leadership  Want more freedom  1636 – led his congregation southeast of Mass. through the wilderness  Founded Hartford & 3 years later formed a colony joining 3 towns  “The foundation of authority is laid in the free consent of the people." - Thomas Hooker  Adopted a governmental plan- Fundamental Orders of Connecticut  1 st written constitution in America  Extend voting rights and limit the governor’s power

Forasmuch as it has pleased Almighty God by the wise [character] of His Divine Providence (His Holy Wisdom) so to order and dispose of things that we, the inhabitants and residents of Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield are now cohabiting and dwelling in and upon the Conectecotte (Conneticut) and the lands thereunto adjoining (touching); and well knowing where a people are gathered together the Word of God requires that, to maintain the peace and union of such a people, there should be an orderly and decent government established according to God, to order and dispose of the affairs of the people at all season as occasion shall require; do therefore associate and [unite] ourselves to be as one public state or commonwealth…As also in our civil (political) affairs to be guided and governed according to such laws, rules, orders, and decrees as shall be made, ordered and decreed, as follows: Laws, Rules, and Orders (examples) 1) …there shall be yearly two general assemblies or courts… 4) …no one person be chosen governor above once in two years…and…be a member of the approved congregation (group)

 1624 – Dutch West India Company  New Amsterdam  German, Swedish, Dutch, & Finnish settlers  Excellent trade using the Hudson River and a good harbor  English wanted it & attacked in 1664  Renamed it New York  Gift to the Duke of York  Threat to English trade and settlements  Dutch surrendered  Proprietary/Royal Colony

 1664  Given to Lord John Berkeley & Sir George Carteret  Proprietary Colony  Duke of York gave away for land sales  Encouraged settlers by offering:  Large tracts of land  Freedom of religion  Trial by jury  A representative assembly

 King gave William Penn land to pay off debt he owed the family--nearly as large as England 1681 – Founded Philadelphia 1681 – Founded Philadelphia Proprietary Proprietary  Founded for religious freedom for Society of Friends = Quakers Believed every individual had an “inner light” leading to salvation Believed every individual had an “inner light” leading to salvation Welcomed different religions and nationalities Welcomed different religions and nationalities Treated Natives fairly Treated Natives fairly

 1638 settled by Swedes  Main Wilmington on the Delaware River  Swedish trading post  William Penn took over in 1682  Charter/Proprietary  Swedish settlers built first log cabins in America

 Lord Baltimore - dreamed of safe place for Catholics  1632 – Main settlement of Baltimore (port city)  Proprietary colony north of Virginia  Passed Toleration Act - Religious Freedom and toleration for Catholics  Planted tobacco & corn  Maryland law - “every person planting tobacco shall tend 2 acres of corn”

 Virginia Company of London  To Chesapeake Bay – Jamestown  For economic opportunities not available in England and England’s 1 st permanent American colony  Difficult beginning years  Developed high grade tobacco = prospered  Slave Labor  Created House of Burgesses for more local control - 1 st representative assembly

 1663 – 8 English proprietors created proprietary colony  For profit from trade  Carolina = Charles’ Land in Latin  Founded Charles Town, later called Charleston  Wrote a constitution  Northern territory settled by VA farmers  Grew tobacco  Sold forest products, I.e. timber & tar  Southern more prosperous  Grew rice  Developed indigo-dye for textiles  Used slaves  Split in 1712

 1732 – founded Savannah  James Oglethorpe  Military outpost to protect from Spanish  Charter for English debtors and poor people  Royal colony  Wanted “sober, industrial, & moral persons”  Religious freedom  Except Catholics  Banned slavery & rum Founded 50 years after the other 12

 Colonies founded promoting religious and political freedom  Roger Williams  William Penn  Thomas Hooker  Elected legislatures in most colonies  Began w/ Virginia  Town halls in MA where citizens consulted on laws Town Hall, Portsmouth, NH

 Founding documents encouraging it  Mayflower Compact  Fund. Orders of CT  Colonists were forced to make it in a foreign land  Did not take well to commands  Distance from England