The War in the Pacific Chapter 17 Section 3

Japan advances U.S. commits to Europe, but didn’t wait to move on Japan U.S. commits to Europe, but didn’t wait to move on Japan 6 months after Pearl Harbor, Japan conquered an empire 6 months after Pearl Harbor, Japan conquered an empire –Hong Kong, French Indochina, Malaya, Burma Thailand & much of China –Dutch East Indies, Guam, Wake Island, Solomon Islands & some Aleutian Islands

The Philippines 80,000 American & Filipino troops fight Japanese; under the command of General Douglas MacArthur 80,000 American & Filipino troops fight Japanese; under the command of General Douglas MacArthur –Allied troops find themselves cornered in Bataan –Roosevelt orders MacArthur to leave; he pledges to the men “I shall return.” –American & Filipino troops surrender and are taken prisoner; forced on Bataan Death march

Bataan Death March Approximately 70,000 American & Filipino troops were forced to walk about 65 miles to train station Approximately 70,000 American & Filipino troops were forced to walk about 65 miles to train station Many died along the way; sickness, fatigue Many died along the way; sickness, fatigue Water & food was often denied Water & food was often denied

Doolittle’s Raid Spring 1942, Allies turn the tide of the war Spring 1942, Allies turn the tide of the war Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle led 16 bombers on a raid on Tokyo and other Japanese cities. Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle led 16 bombers on a raid on Tokyo and other Japanese cities. –Pearl Harbor style raid (surprise) heightens American’s spirit

Battle of the Coral Sea Australians & Americans make up Allied troops in the Pacific Australians & Americans make up Allied troops in the Pacific –Stop Japanese drive toward Australia –5 days of fighting; done with airplanes taking off from aircraft carriers –Not a single shot fired from surface ships

Battle of Midway Island lies northwest of Hawaii; Allies stop Japanese Island lies northwest of Hawaii; Allies stop Japanese –Americans break Japanese code, know Midway is the target June 3,1942 Americans spot Japanese fleet; Americans lead a raid led by Chester Nimitz June 3,1942 Americans spot Japanese fleet; Americans lead a raid led by Chester Nimitz –Japanese lose 4 aircraft carriers, 250 planes Battle is turning point in Pacific War Battle is turning point in Pacific War –Allies begin “island hopping”

Battle of Midway

Allies go on the Offensive 1 st offensive, Aug. 1942, 19,000 troops storm Guadalcanal in Solomon Islands 1 st offensive, Aug. 1942, 19,000 troops storm Guadalcanal in Solomon Islands Island is described as Hell & the Island of Death Island is described as Hell & the Island of Death Marks Japan’s 1 st land defeat; Allied troops move in toward Japan Marks Japan’s 1 st land defeat; Allied troops move in toward Japan –Oct MacArthur returns to the Philippines with 178,000 troops –“People of the Philippines: I have returned”

Guadalcanal

The Japanese Defense Japanese throw their entire fleet into fight in the Philippines Japanese throw their entire fleet into fight in the Philippines Try a new tactic- kamikaze “divine wind”. Try a new tactic- kamikaze “divine wind”. –Japanese pilots crash their bomb-laden planes into Allied ships. –424 kamikaze pilots, sank 16 ships, damaged 80 Imperial Navy suffered heavily, plays on a minor role from then on Imperial Navy suffered heavily, plays on a minor role from then on

Kamikaze attacks

Damage from Kamikaze

Iwo Jima Island critical to U.S. as a base for bombers to reach Japan Island critical to U.S. as a base for bombers to reach Japan 20,700 Japanese troops defend it; only 200 survived 20,700 Japanese troops defend it; only 200 survived Most deadly battle for the U.S. marines in the Pacific Most deadly battle for the U.S. marines in the Pacific

Battle for Okinawa April 1945, Marines invade Okinawa April 1945, Marines invade Okinawa Japanese unleash 1,900 kamikazes; sank 30 ships, killed 5,000 seamen Japanese unleash 1,900 kamikazes; sank 30 ships, killed 5,000 seamen Fighting was worse than Iwo Jima; 7,600 Americans killed Fighting was worse than Iwo Jima; 7,600 Americans killed –Japanese lost 110,000 Churchill fears invasion of Japan, casualties will be a million Americans, ½ million British Churchill fears invasion of Japan, casualties will be a million Americans, ½ million British

Okinawa

The Manhattan Project American scientist J. Robert Oppenheimer leads development of the atomic bomb American scientist J. Robert Oppenheimer leads development of the atomic bomb –Best kept secret of the war; up to 600,000 people involved, few knew its purpose 1 st test July 16, 1945 in New Mexico 1 st test July 16, 1945 in New Mexico –The bomb is successful Truman has to decide; doesn’t hesitate Truman has to decide; doesn’t hesitate –July 1945 orders military to make plans

Trinity test

Hiroshima & Nagasaki August 6, 1945 a B-29 bomber- Enola Gay- dropped a bomb on Hiroshima August 6, 1945 a B-29 bomber- Enola Gay- dropped a bomb on Hiroshima –43 seconds later, the city was demolished –Japanese still refuse to surrender August 9, another bomb was dropped on Nagasaki August 9, another bomb was dropped on Nagasaki Estimated 200,000 people died as a result of injury or radiation Estimated 200,000 people died as a result of injury or radiation Emperor Hirohito horrified by damage; Sept. 2 nd formal surrender to General MacArthur Emperor Hirohito horrified by damage; Sept. 2 nd formal surrender to General MacArthur

Hiroshima

Nagasaki

Japanese occupation Japan is occupied under General MacArthur; many Japanese put on trial for crimes against civilians & POWs Japan is occupied under General MacArthur; many Japanese put on trial for crimes against civilians & POWs –Hideki Tojo sentenced to death 7 years of American occupation, Japan’s economic & political structure reshaped by MacArthur 7 years of American occupation, Japan’s economic & political structure reshaped by MacArthur –Japanese agreed with new ideas; their constitution called MacArthur Constitution

Yalta Conference Big Three- Roosevelt, Churchill & Stalin meet to discuss the postwar world Big Three- Roosevelt, Churchill & Stalin meet to discuss the postwar world –Stalin wants harsh punishment for Germany, Churchill disagrees. Roosevelt mediator –Appease Stalin; 1.) Help w/ Japanese 2.) Wants him to join United Nations Agree to split Germany into 4 zones; British, French, American, Soviet Agree to split Germany into 4 zones; British, French, American, Soviet Nuremberg Trials: Nazi’s charged with crimes for death camps Nuremberg Trials: Nazi’s charged with crimes for death camps