1 Three Wheeled Vehicles and Motor Tricycles in Canada 2011 Annual Region I Conference Baltimore, Maryland July 19, 2011 XXXXX

Population 33.7 m LDV reg m MC & MP595 k Canada, 2009 in Context Fatalities 2,209 SI 11,451 7,8 m 4.6 m 183 k 1.2 m 670 k 13 k 3.7 m 2.6 m 103 k 1.0 m 720 k 8.6 k 4.5 m 2.6 m 55.7 k 33.7 k 27.2 k k 21.5 k m 7.2 m 181 k NL 508 k 297 k 43 k NS 939 k 542 k 58 k NB 749 k 490 k 94 k 141 k 82 k 12 k PEI 33.2 k 3.8 k 104 YK BCAB SK MB ON QC NT NU

Road Safety in Canada A Shared Responsibility: Federal New vehicle safety standards (CMVSS) Criminal Code (impaired and dangerous drivers) National leadership (e.g. data, research, program development, program evaluation, knowledge transfer) Provincial/Territorial Driver licensing Vehicle Registration Enforcement Road Infrastructure Data and Research Program development, implementation & evaluation

Canadian Council of Motor Transport Administrators (CCMTA) Non-profit organization established by the provincial, territorial and federal governments Promote awareness and share and exchange information Pursue harmonization of road user, motor carrier and driver/vehicle licensing regulations and policies Develop national models of motor vehicle transportation programs (safety and other)

Vehicles Motorcycle –Two wheeled –Open or Closed 3 Wheeled Vehicle –Enclosure allowed –Occupant may contact in a collision Motor Tricycle –No enclosure allowed –Sit astride Quadricyles –Not permitted in Canada

Three Wheeled Vehicle Classification US: Classified as motorcycles, “… designed to travel on not more than three wheels in contact with the ground” Europe: May be classified as a L2 or L5. –L2 for smaller vehicles with three wheels, engine 50cc and less, maximum speed of 50 km/h –L5 for vehicles with three wheels, engine over 50cc, maximum speed over 50 km/h 6

Three Wheeled Vehicle: The Issue Vehicles built in one jurisdiction for use within that jurisdiction Could be exported to other countries Could not be sold/registered in other provinces Request for a class of vehicle to allow sale within Canada (early 2000s) 7

Three Wheeled Vehicle Regulations New class to allow sale/registration in Canada –1,000 kilo or less –4 seats or less Has many characteristics similar to car –Must have seat belts –Brakes follow CMVSS 135 for passenger cars –Controls follow CMVSS 101 for passenger cars Many CMVSS regulations apply –Vehicle Stability Requirement (CMVSS 505) –Fuel integrity (SAE J288) (CMVSS 301.3) 8

Three Wheeled Vehicle cont… –Other regulations less stringent than passenger vehicle Single dynamic crash test limiting displacement of the steering column into the passenger compartment (CMVSS 204) Warning label stating “This vehicle does not comply with the dynamic crash test in CMVSS 208” Some regulations apply if equipment fitted –CMVSS 103&4 – windshield defrosting and wipers –CMVSS hood latch –CMVSS locking system –CMVSS power windows 9

Motor Tricycles Like motorcycles –1,000 kilo or less –4 seats or less –No enclosure –Sit astride Must comply with existing motorcycle standards Fuel Integrity (SAE J1241) Additional requirements for Lighting and Retroreflective Devices are required to improve conspicuity related to width 10

Quadricycle Classification US: Having 4 wheels, cannot be classified as a motorcycle. Must be classified as a “passenger car” or a “low-speed vehicle” (40 km/h maximum speed) Canada: Same as U.S., classified as a passenger car or low- speed vehicle (must be electric propulsion) Europe: May be classified as passenger car or quadricycle, L6 or L7. –L6 limited to 350 kg, max speed 45 km/h, max 4 kW motor –L7 limited to 550 kg, max 15 kW motor 11

Quadricycle cont… Request to create a class of vehicle Essentially a 4-wheeled all-terrain vehicle that would be marketed for use on public roads TC considers that since it has 4 wheels and is meant to circulate with “cars”, it is appropriate that is should meet the standards for all passenger cars No class created 12

Discussion More pressure on safety vs. fuel efficiency Vehicle classes and technology advances faster than ability to regulate and classify Jurisdictional Issues –Provincial Vehicles can be manufactured in one and not available in others Can be driven in a jurisdiction but not registered –Three wheeled vehicles registered in QC not ON –International Harmonization of standards Freedom of movement 13

Questions?