Question 1 Which of the following is NOT true of the parasympathetic control of the heart? A. It affects muscarinic receptors. B. It decreases heart rate via the SA node. C. It decreases conduction velocity via the AV node. D. It can be blocked by beta blockers, e.g. propranolol. D

Question 2 Which of the following is NOT a method of Ca removal following contraction of heart muscle? A. Na-Ca exchange transports Ca out of the cell. B. ATP-dependent sarcolemmal Ca pumps remove Ca from the cell. C. Ca passively diffuses out of the cell. D. ATP-dependent SR Ca pumps move Ca from the cytoplasm into the SR. C

Question 3 Which of the following is NOT affected by the preload in the heart muscle? A. End systolic volume B. End diastolic volume C. Stroke Volume D. Ejection fraction. E. Cardiac output. A

Question 4 Which of the following will require the smallest increase in oxygen consumption by the heart? A. Generating an increase in left ventricular pressure. B. Severe hypertension. C. Generating an increase in stroke volume. D. Aortic stenosis C

Question 5 Which of the following pairs is INCORRECT concerning arteriolar tone? A. Myogenic control: vascular smooth muscle responds to changes in pressure. B. Metabolic control: accumulation of waste products stimulates vasoconstriction. C. Neural control: vasoconstriction activated by sympathetic nerves. D. Hormonal control: catecholamines affect the adrenergic receptors of the vascular smooth muscle. B

Question 6 Which pair is INCORRECT concerning the microcirculation at the capillary level? A. Tight junctions: brain B. Gaps large enough to exchange plasma proteins: kidneys C. Intercellular junctions / pores: exchange of water and lipid-insoluble substances. D. Pinocytosis: cytoplasmic vesicles exchanging fluid and solutes. E. Intracellular fenestrations: exchange of large molecules. B

Question 7 If a patient is suffering from swollen hands, feet, and face, all of the following could be a cause, except? A. Large decrease in arterial blood pressure. B. Lymphatic blockage. C. A decrease in plasma proteins. D. Increase in capillary permeability to proteins. E. Vasodilation. A

Question 8 Which of the following is NOT a mechanism to promote venous return and reduce blood pooling? A. One way venous valves. B. Parasympathetic stimulation. C. Skeletal muscle pump. D. Thoraco-abdominal pump E. Pumping of the heart. B

Question 9 Which of the following would NOT occur following a major blood loss? A. Vagal tone to the SA node would be decreased which would then increase the heart rate. B. An increase in sympathetic output in arterioles would increase the total peripheral resistance, except in the brain and heart. C. Sympathetic output to the atria and ventricles would increase resulting in an increase in stroke volume. D. Sympathetic output to the veins would increase, resulting in increased venous pressure, venous return, and cardiac output. E. Stroke volume would increase while heart rate decreased. Together this would increase the cardiac output. E

Question 10 Hearts in patients with transplanted hearts a.have normal autonomic nervous system control b.respond to the needs of the body without neurogenic regulation c.heart rate does not increase after exercise d.heart rate does not decrease at rest B

Question 11 Exercise affects Cardiac Output by a.increasing venous return to the heart b.increasing muscle metabolism and vasoconstriction c.activating parasympathetic NS A

Question 12 During exercise, blood flow to skeletal muscles increases because of which of the following factors? a. circulating epinephrine dilates skeletal muscle blood vessels b. activity of parasympathetic nerve fibers to the heart increases c. resistance of the veins and venules decreases d. total peripheral resistance increases e. all of the above A

Question 13 With very severe exercise, you would expect which of the following to occur? a. heart rate continues to rise b. stroke volume reaches a maximum and may decrease c. decrease in CO2 levels d. pH usually increases e. decrease in lactic acid production B

Question 14 Which of the following statements about exercise is INCORRECT? a. the vasodilation in active muscles causes the decrease in total peripheral resistance seen in exercise. b. Blood volume actually declines due to fluid losses c. The increase in mean arterial pressure is due to an increase in cardiac output d. The myogenic hypothesis accounts for the vascular effects seen in skeletal muscle during exercise e. Changes in arterial pressure parallel the severity of exercise D

Question 15 All of the following will help the heart to compensate for the reduction in contractility that occurs during heart failure EXCEPT an increase in: a. retention of fluid by the kidney b. ventricular wall thickness c. sympathetic nerve discharge d. end-diastolic volume e. total peripheral resistance E

Question 16 Patients who have received cardiac transplants are able to increase cardiac output during exercise for which of the following reasons? a. heart rate is increased by sympathetic stimulation b. ventricular end diastolic pressure is decreased c. increased venous return results in increased stroke volume d. length of systole is shortened following transplantation e. none of the above C

Question 17 Epinephrine causes all of the following EXCEPT: a. vasoconstriction b. decreases cardiac force of contraction c. dilates skeletal muscle blood vessels during exercise d. increases in heart B

Question 18 Diffusion will decrease if there is an increase in a. Thickness of the membrane b. Surface area c. Concentration of the molecule in blood compared to interstitial fluid d. All of the above e. None of the above A

Question 19 Lymph flow is increased by all of the following EXCEPT: a. elevated capillary hydrostatic pressure b. elevated plasma protein concentration c. elevated interstitial fluid protein concentration d. histamine e. exercise B

Question 20 Edema results from a decrease in: a. filtration b. interstitial oncotic pressure c. plasma oncotic pressure d. capillary permeability C

Question 21 Capillary hydrostatic pressure is increased by: a. decrease in venous pressure b. decrease in arterial pressure c. increased arterial resistance d. increased venous resistance D

Question 22 Which of the following are correct concerning the driving forces for filtration?     a. capillary hydrostatic pressure is directly proportional to arterial resistance     b. capillary hydrostatic pressure generally decreases along the length of the capillary     c. interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure is decreased in edema     d. capillary oncotic pressure is primarily determined by venous pressures     e. interstitial colloid osmotic pressure is a force that favors absorption B