The Basics of Doing Reseach Introductory Unit (pp )

Why Do Research? To support and enrich ideas To increase credibility To become aware of inconsistencies or shortcomings in one’s knowledge and understanding To gain insight into the topic, facts, opinions, and theories To become familiar with topical vocabulary (e.g. key concepts, jargon, terminology)

What Kind of Information? Definitions Descriptions Facts Research results Explanations Examples Authority’s opinions Statistics

Where to Do Research? Books The Internet Text Books Magazines Journals Theses and Dissertations Anthologies Reference books (e.g. Almanacs, encyclopedias, atlases, dictionaries, fact books) Newspapers

Important Reminder Not all websites are scientifically reliable or valid Be careful when conducting research

Research Skills 1.Identify Keywords 2.Search (in the library or on the Internet) 3.Select relevant sources and evaluate the information 4.Access to sources 5.Note down the reference information

Task 1 globalization impact + globalization globalized world + / - effects of globalization domination of nations imperialism Powerful nations

Task 2 – “the negative effects of globalization on culture”

Table of Contents: Part 1: Setting the scene –Introduction: Another Sunrise…..……………………………….…… What is Global Culture………… Colonizing of Hearts and Mind………………………………………… When Worlds Collide…………………………………………………… The Haunted Labyrinths of the Heart………………………….……… Part 2: Globalization as Imperialism –A History of Global Culture……………………………………………… Globalization as Imperialism…………………………………………… Our Cup is Broken: The Life and Death of Cultures……………… –Visions and Despair: Millennial Cults……………………………… Bearing Witness…………………………………………………………

Task 2 – “the negative effects of globalization on culture”

When Writing Down the Reference Information For a BookFor an Article/Chapter in a Book/Journal For Electronic Sources (e-articles/e-books) Name of Author/Editor Name of Translator Title and Subtitle Publisher’s Name Place of Publication Date of Publication Call Number Edition Name of Author Name of Editor Name of Translator Title and Subtitle of Article Title of Periodical (Journal) Date of Issue Page Numbers of Article Issue and Volume Number Name of Author/Organization Title Publication Date for e- books and e-articles Date of Release, Online Posting, or Latest Revision Date of Retrieval URL, Electronic Address

Task 3

Types of Research 1.Research in the library 2.Research on the Internet 3.Field Research

Research in the Library A general collection of books A collection of reference works (encyclopedias, dictionaries, indexes, directories, handbooks, yearbooks, atlases, and guides) A collection of periodicals, bulletins, and pamplets

Task 4 __________________: the physical form in which the information is available. Examples of this include books, journals, microform, CD- ROM, and web pages. __________________: a list of sources about a particular topic. They are often found at the end of scholarly books and journal articles. __________________: a reference to a source used in an article, essay, book, and the like. __________________: a combination of numbers and letters assigned to a book according to its subject, which determines its shelving location. Example: HQ1090.H abstract call number bibliographies citation format magazine journal keyword periodicals/serials format bibliography citation call number

Task 4 __________________: a short summary of an article, essay, book, and the like. __________________: any searchable word in an online record (like an entry in the online catalog, or a citation in an online article database. __________________: a periodical that publishes articles by scholars and researchers in a particular field. They are often published by associations. The articles in these periodicals usually include bibliographies. Examples: African Studies Quarterly and Chaucer Review. __________________: publications which are printed at intervals (daily, monthly, annually, irregularly, etc.), and continue to be printed for an indefinite period of time. Journals, magazines, and newspapers are types of such sources. __________________: a periodical that publishes articles written for a general audience. Articles in these sources rarely include bibliographies. Examples: Black Enterprise, Rolling Stone, Time abstract call number bibliographies citation format magazine journal keyword periodicals/serials abstract keywords journal periodical magazine

Scholarly Journals or Popular Magazines?

CharacteristicScholarly JournalPopular Magazine AppearanceSober, serious, charts or graphs but no glossy pages or photos Attractive appearance, advertisements, illustrations, glossy pages AudienceScholars and studentsGeneral audience AuthorsScholars in the field of study Reporters, not experts DocumentationSources cited in footnotes and/or bibliography Sources not cited or cited informally PurposeReports the results of original research or experiement Provides general information Article acceptance procedure “refereed journals” – “peer review” Written by hired reporters, edited by magazine editors

Some Tips for Library Research Note down the call number of the book Go to the relevant section by following the alphabetical labels that are posted on the shelves. When you find the location of the book you are searching for, check the other sources on the relevant shelf as well. Do not take notes on the pages of the book. Return the books you borrow on the due date so that others can benefit from them too.

Research on the Internet Some information is of high quality, highly reliable, relevant to the reseach problem at hand Others are of low quality, irrelevant, junk Mostly reliable sources of information require subscription – university libraries pay for academic databases

Library versus the Internet – Task 6 LibraryThe Internet Advantages Uses universal cataloging systems that classify and organize all sources Reliable academic sources Sources available to all (free of chage) Online sources can be accessed 24/7 More number of sources Available wherever there is an Internet connection Disadvantages Sources can be checked out by other people and, therefore, may not always be available Not open 24/7 Might be frustrating or difficult to find info. Has no system that catalogues and organizes all sources Some access requires payment Unreliable and personal

Research on the Internet (Appendix B-1) Search Engines (Google, Yahoo, Altavista) Meta Search Engines (Dogpile, Search.com) Subject Gateaways (Yahoo, Looksmart) Databases

Appendix B-1 See this section for further information on “Domains” and “How to improve the seach?”

Consider the Following Think about the topic you are researching. Is it likely to find reliable information for free? Decide whether a printed or an electronic source would be quicker or more appropriate. Decide whether it is better to use a search engine or a subject directory. Find different keywords that would best describe your subject. Try to be as precise as possible. Evaluate the webpage

Evaluating Websites – pp , Appendix B- 2, B-3 Check the accuracy The cridentials of the author Objectivity of the document Currency of the document Coverage of the web documents

Databases Much useful information that can be accessed via the Internet Includes reference material and journal articles Google Scholar METU Library

Online Sources that can be Accessed Through METU Library

Online Sources

Online Resources - Suggestions Google Scholar JSTOR Britannica Ebrary

by courtesy of Gökçe Tokdemir