innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 1 Front wheel drive

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 2 Front wheel drive

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 3 Rear wheel drive

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 4 Four wheel drive

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 5 Automotive Design ● History Start when car become available – Whole design effort was concentrated on the engine & transmission system Vauxhall Passenger Car, 1908 Berliet Omnibus, 1909

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 6 Automotive Design Automotive Styling – The Need ● ‘Style sells cars’ ● ‘Cars are designed to accommodate mechanical parts, to reduce wind resistance and save fuel, to carry passengers and cargo, to please consumers’ eyes and egos, and, above all, to increase sales and make money.’

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 7 Type of Car Sedan/Saloon car - most common for modern car, with four-door passengers compartment between the lower hood – covering the engine in the front, and the lower trunk at the rear.

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 8 Type of Car Station wagon – car with a body style variant of a sedan/saloon with its roof extended rearward over a shared passenger/cargo volume with access at the back via a third or fifth door instead of a trunk lid.

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 9 Type of Car Hatchback – Rear door wt back window that opens vertically to access a storage area not separated from the rest of the passenger compartment. May be 2 or 4 doors and 2 or 4 seats. Known as 3 door or 5 door in England.

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 10 Type of Car # Pillar configurations of a sedan (three box), station wagon (two box) and hatchback (two box) from the same model range. # For station wagon - The body style transforms a standard three-box design into a two-box design—to include an A, B, and C-pillar, as well as a D-pillar. # For hatchback – Two-box body design configuration, with one shared, flexible, interior volume for passengers and cargo and a rear door for cargo access

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 11 Type of Car Mini car / small car Small size car - The original Mini was a revolutionary and distinctive small car designed for the British Motor Corporation (BMC) by Sir Alec Issigoris (1906–1988).

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 12 Type of Car A coupe - 2 doors with 2 / 4 - seaters car. Fixed roof and doors are longer than those of a sedan.  In some cases the rear seats are small and not intended for regular use; this is often called a 2+2.

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 13 Type of Car Roadster – Two seat open car with minimal weather protection. Folding top with side curtains, but with no side glass. Also called convertible sport car

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 14 Type of Car Sport Utilities Vehicles - Derivative of off-road or four-wheel drive vehicles but with car- like levels of interior comfort and drivability. Also sometimes called a "soft-roader".

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 15 Type of Car MPV – Multi-purpose vehicle, a large car which easily convertible to facilitate loading of goods or to carry people.

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 16 Type of Car Concept Car Designed for advanced technology and most futuristic design. Evolve and make changes in the technology of automotive design. Method to survey the potential market and response of the users.

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 17 Automotive Vehicle System Vehicle Suspension system Brake system Lighting system Engine/ Ignition system Transmission Power window system Security system Exhaust system Cooling system GPS Entertainment system Advanced control system Starting system Charging system Steering system Wiper system Seat control system

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 18 SUCCESS FACTORS Example: Starting system System used to start the engine. Main component: starter motor

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 19 SUCCESS FACTORS Example: Starting system Development and improvement in starter motor over the years..

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 20 SUCCESS FACTORS Advancement in starting system The start/ stop starter motor Starter used to stop and start the engine at traffic jam/ red light/ vehicle stop situation. When the vehicle stop and the battery charge is sufficient, the combustion engine is automatically switched off. To drive off again it is only necessary to activate the gas pedal or clutch pedal to restart the engine. No fuel is consumed, nor is any CO 2 emitted. And noise emissions drop to zero.

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 21 SUCCESS FACTORS Safety system

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 22 SUCCESS FACTORS Safety system

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 23 SUCCESS FACTORS Can anyone think of something in current vehicle systems which do not rely on electrical/electronic!!!!!!!!!! Pure mechanical design in vehicle system is becoming saturated areas, hence for further improvement of the system the available options are to go for mechatronic development or purely electronic based system

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 24 ● Development of electronics in vehicle system is so rapid thus more and more system are becoming “Computer ”

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 25 ● A very complex system & a small part of a larger transport system. ● System approach helps to understand how somethings works and how to repair it when it doesn’t. ● In general, 2 major motor vehicle systems: mechanical system and electrical system. ● Once motor vehicle has been systemized, the function and performance of each part can be examined in more detail. ● Functional Analysis – determine what each part of the system should do and how each part actually work. ● In analyzing any system, the main consideration is for the inputs and outputs of the system. System Approach

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 26 ● To give required output whenever a given input is applied. i.e: headlights ● Open loop: No feedback is required. Input Control Output Open Loop System

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 27 ● Corrective measures can be applied if the output is not quite what is desired. (feedback loop) i.e: Automatic temperature fan speed control system. Input Control Output Feedback loop Or the driver of a car with conventional heating system can form feedback loop (close loop) by turning the heater down when he is too hot. Closed Loop System

innovative ● entrepreneurial ● global 28 Concept question ● You are sitting in your kitchen on a hot day. In order to cool yourself down you open the door of the fridge. Is this a good idea? What happens to the temperature in the room after, let say, one hour? ANSWER: In a closed system (the room) as the fridge continues running, the heat generated by the cooler will be more than balance heat extracted from the air, so after the initial waft of “cold” shortly after you open the door, the room will get warmer. Even more simply: energy is being introduced to the sealed room (as electricity) so its temperature must eventually rise.