Reformation Calvinism and the Catholic Response

Reforms after Martin Luther  When Martin Luther posted up his 95 Theses, John Calvin was only 8 years old  He grew up through the foundations of the Reformation  John Calvin had one major belief that set him apart from other religions  Predestination – people are chosen to go to heaven before birth regardless of the life they live  This new idea sparks the founding of a new religion  Calvinism  People who live in France, and are Calvinists are called Huguenots  When Martin Luther posted up his 95 Theses, John Calvin was only 8 years old  He grew up through the foundations of the Reformation  John Calvin had one major belief that set him apart from other religions  Predestination – people are chosen to go to heaven before birth regardless of the life they live  This new idea sparks the founding of a new religion  Calvinism  People who live in France, and are Calvinists are called Huguenots

Reforms after Martin Luther  Just like Martin Luther, Catholics were not happy with John Calvin  John Calvin had to flee France, and ended up in Geneva, Switzerland  Just like Martin Luther, Catholics were not happy with John Calvin  John Calvin had to flee France, and ended up in Geneva, Switzerland

Calvin’s Ideal City  When Calvin arrives in Geneva, he sets up a religious theocracy  The city is run by religious leaders  Rules/laws of the city are based off of Calvinist beliefs 1.Everyone has to attend religion class 2.No one can wear bright colours 3.No card games or gambling  If any of the rules were violated, the punishment would be jail time, excommunication, or banishment  When Calvin arrives in Geneva, he sets up a religious theocracy  The city is run by religious leaders  Rules/laws of the city are based off of Calvinist beliefs 1.Everyone has to attend religion class 2.No one can wear bright colours 3.No card games or gambling  If any of the rules were violated, the punishment would be jail time, excommunication, or banishment

Making Connections  Identify the groups in these pictures  What are they doing?  What are the similarities in these pictures?  Are their any differences?  What does burning books accomplish?  Identify the groups in these pictures  What are they doing?  What are the similarities in these pictures?  Are their any differences?  What does burning books accomplish?

What will the Catholic Church do?  The Catholic Church is losing followers to Calvinism and Lutheranism, they need to do something  A man named Ignatius of Loyola took it upon himself to help the Catholic religion  He brought followers together in the Society of Jesus (each member is called a Jesuit)  The Catholic Church is losing followers to Calvinism and Lutheranism, they need to do something  A man named Ignatius of Loyola took it upon himself to help the Catholic religion  He brought followers together in the Society of Jesus (each member is called a Jesuit)

What will the Catholic Church do?  The Society of Jesus accomplished many things for the Catholic Church  They focused on educating the masses. They founded many schools and were well trained educators  They also focused on converting non- Catholics, to Catholicism  Finally, they focused on stopping the spread of Protestantism: specifically in Poland and Southern Germany (All parts of the HRE)  The Society of Jesus accomplished many things for the Catholic Church  They focused on educating the masses. They founded many schools and were well trained educators  They also focused on converting non- Catholics, to Catholicism  Finally, they focused on stopping the spread of Protestantism: specifically in Poland and Southern Germany (All parts of the HRE)

What will the Catholic Church do?  Pope Paul III needs to do more than just educate the people.  He decides to call the Council of Trent  The Council of Trent finds that the sale of indulgences were valid, as long as they are done properly  The Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final – if you didn’t agree you were a heretic and what happened to you?  Christians need “good works” not just faith as Luther says  And finally that the Bible and the Church are EQUALLY as powerful  This movement was known as the Counter Reformation or the Catholic Reformation  Pope Paul III needs to do more than just educate the people.  He decides to call the Council of Trent  The Council of Trent finds that the sale of indulgences were valid, as long as they are done properly  The Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final – if you didn’t agree you were a heretic and what happened to you?  Christians need “good works” not just faith as Luther says  And finally that the Bible and the Church are EQUALLY as powerful  This movement was known as the Counter Reformation or the Catholic Reformation

What will the Catholic Church do?  Calling a Council to write decrees was not enough  Paul III also started the Inquisition  The inquisition was used to seek out heresy in all papal territory  Kind of like a search and destroy mission of anyone who was not Catholic  Random Fact: Paul IV (Pope after Paul III) wrote up a list of “dangerous” books to the Catholic church and ordered them all be burned  In Venice alone, 10,000 books were burned in one day  Calling a Council to write decrees was not enough  Paul III also started the Inquisition  The inquisition was used to seek out heresy in all papal territory  Kind of like a search and destroy mission of anyone who was not Catholic  Random Fact: Paul IV (Pope after Paul III) wrote up a list of “dangerous” books to the Catholic church and ordered them all be burned  In Venice alone, 10,000 books were burned in one day

So everything is okay now, right?  The religion debate would rage on for years following this and cause other conflicts like the Thirty Years War (More on this later!)