Chapter 1 How early civilizations came to exist on the American continent 3 Ancient cultures –Native Americans –West Africa –European

Beringia Land Bridge Ice Age Beringia Land Bridge Hunters and Gather’s (Nomadic)

Civilization The settling down of a peoples and to begin forming a distinct culture unique to that group of people

There are three basic civilizations that formed on the continent Maya Aztec Inca

South America Mountain Dwelling Passive No threat to self preservation

Maya Yucatan Peninsula Sea Faring people Passive

Aztec Mexico Valley Region Desert climate Aggressive Ancestors of the southwest Indians

Culture Those influences that affect the development of ourselves as we mature into an adult

Native American Cultural Influences Trade – Barter vs. Monetary Land - Ownership Religion – Spiritual vs. Supreme Being Social Organizations – Kinship Division of Labor

West African influence

3 Basic Kingdoms Songhai Benin Kongo

West African Culture Family and government Religion Livelihood Slave Labor

Family and Government Lineage

Slave Labor Slaves could be freed - Marriage - Adoption

European Influence

Social Order Hierarchy Nuclear Family

Christianity Shapes Europe Crusades Reformation – Martin Luther 95 Thesis

Changes invade Europe Shipping – Caravel Compass Prince Henry the Navigator

Renaissance (Rebirth) The renaissance became the biggest contributor of the changes that were on the horizon for Europe

Explorers Begin the Crossings

Columbus’s Voyage Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria Search for Gold Gives Spain a foothold on the new world

Impact on the Native Peoples Colonization Resistance to conquest Disease brought to the new world Slave labor force becomes embedded

Impact on Europeans

Columbian Exchange Trade goods produced in Europe for goods produced in America Beginnings of the triangular trade used in slave transportatio n to the new world

Treaty of Tordesillas Divides the new world into two parts Spain everything west of the line Portugal everything east of the line