Middle powers in the International System. Middle powers: introduction Typology or concept; not a definition Different perspective of realists and liberals.

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Presentation transcript:

Middle powers in the International System

Middle powers: introduction Typology or concept; not a definition Different perspective of realists and liberals Realism  hard power Liberalism  soft power „Good international citizen“ Inspiration; covering specific issues and agenda Most popular liberal concept of middle powers by John Ravenhill

John Ravenhill‘s 6 Cs concept 6 C’s: Capacity Concentration Commitment Creativity Coalition-Building Credibility

Middle powers: agenda environmental agenda human rights disarmament peacekeeping and post-conflict reconstruction development aid child labor or child soldiers multilateralism

Middle powers: development&criticism post-war period connected with activities of Canada, Australia (+- New Zealand)  traditional middle powers  soft power „New middle powers“  economic strenght Criticism: Different name for fulfilling country‘s national interests Moral supremacy of western values Idealism

Canada Engagement in the WW2 and the creation of post-war order Actively involved in creating: Bretton-Woods system NATO the UN Innovative; actively participate in human rights campaigns Lester Pearson and Dag Hammarskjöld  establishment of UN peacekeeping Initiated Ottawa Treaty (Convention on the Prohibition of Anti- Personnel Mines) Member and proponent of International Criminal Court (ICC) Responsibility to Protect

Canada Environmental agenda: Initiated the Kyoto protocol × withdrawal in 2011 Criticism: decreasing engagement Reduction of UN PKO personnel Interconnection with US foreing policy

Australia Connected with PM Gareth Evans  creator of Australian concept of middle power – „good international citizen“ Mostly labor governments × Australia‘s support for multilateralism Cooperation with Canada disarmament of nuclear weapons Decolonization called for a special status for AUS and CAN in the UN „Member“ state Ottawa protocol Kyoto protocol International Criminal Court ANZUS

Australia Change during liberal governments  domestic policy; budget cuts on foreign policy; bilateralism Revival in 2007 with labor government  active role in anti-terrorism Still active in environmental agenda Criticism East Timor – Australian failure to prevent violence

Sources Middle Powers: CHAPNIC, A. The middle power. Canadian Foreign Policy. 1999, roč. 7, č. 2, s Ravenhill, J. Middle Powers: An Australian Perspective (2012) Canada : UNGERER, C. Influence without power: middle powers and arms control diplomacy during the cold war. Diplomacy and Statecraft, No. 18 / 2007, pp. 393–414.) Middle Powers Initiative (2012): GS Institute (2012): Australia: UNGERER, C. The „Middle Power“ Concept in Australian Foreign Policy. Gareth Evans and Bruce Grant, Australia's Foreign Relations in the World of the 1990s (Melbourne, 1995), pp. 344–348 UNGERER C. Influence without power: middle powers and arms controldiplomacy during the cold war. Diplomacy and Statecraft, No. 18 / 2007, pp. 393–414.)