Wildlife Biology Start a new entry task page!! ENTRY TASK (ET) : Why is soil important? LEARNING OBJECTIVE (LO): Characteristics of forest soils How forest soils are studied

TODAY’S PLAN Check entry tasks so far Wilderness quiz Unearthing the Secrets of the Forest article QD4 QD4

Unearthing Secrets of the Forest Read each section (six total) Write the main points for each section in your binder (bullets, diagrams, etc.) As a group (in your own paper), write three questions per section (2 close, 1 open)

Wildlife Biology ENTRY TASK (ET) : What is the difference between deciduous and coniferous trees? LEARNING OBJECTIVE (LO): Soil sampling techniques

TODAY’S PLAN Collecting soil samples Creating questions for the “Unearthing the Secrets of the Forest” article

Unearthing Secrets of the Forest Read each section (six total) Write the main points for each section in your binder (bullets, diagrams, etc.) As a group (in your own paper), write three questions per section (2 close, 1 open) EVERYBODY WRITES THE QUESTION ON THEIR OWN PAPER! I will collect one paper from each group. Select the one with best handwriting

Wildlife Biology ENTRY TASK (ET) : Get sampling kit for you group and field notebooks (if you left yours here yesterday) LEARNING OBJECTIVE (LO): Soil sampling techniques Experimental techniques to determine biological characteristics of soil

TODAY’S PLAN Collecting soil samples Getting soil samples ready for tomorrows tests/experiments Creating questions for the “Unearthing the Secrets of the Forest” article (if extra time available)

Wildlife Biology ENTRY TASK (ET) : After reading the introduction section explaining what organic matter (humus) in the soil is, make a prediction about which sample do you think will contain more soil organic matter (SOM), the one under evergreen or oak trees? LEARNING OBJECTIVE (LO): Experimental techniques to determine biological characteristics of soil

TODAY’S PLAN Check water content after drying samples over night Testing for soil organic matter (SOM) in both soil samples collected.

SAFETY ALERT!!!!! We will be in proximity to open flames today. Be extremely attentive to this fact!! Wear goggles when around flame or handling glass containers Do not turn your back to the flame Wear long hair tied back. No loosely fitting clothes. No open toe shoes No horse playing of any kind. You will lose the points from lab if caught fulling around!!! Stay with your group!!! You will lose points if I have to ask you to go back to your group

Wildlife Biology ENTRY TASK (ET) : Have one person in your group ready with the % of water loss and the % of organic matter for each of the samples to write on the board LEARNING OBJECTIVE (LO): How different are the two samples of soil we collected from the field and analyzed in the lab?

TODAY’S PLAN Going over Science course offerings for next year registration Recording data for the whole class

PERIOD 1 GROUP 1 GROUP 2 GROUP 3 GROUP 4 GROUP 5 GROUP 6 GROUP 7 AVG %water oak soil %water ev. soil % OM oak soil % OM ev. soil

PERIOD 2 GROUP 1 GROUP 2 GROUP 3 GROUP 4 GROUP 5 GROUP 6 GROUP 7 AVG %water oak soil %water ev. soil % OM oak soil % OM ev. soil

PERIOD 3 GROUP 1 GROUP 2 GROUP 3 GROUP 4 GROUP 5 GROUP 6 GROUP 7 AVG %water oak soil %water ev. soil % OM oak soil % OM ev. soil

Wildlife Biology ENTRY TASK (ET) : Get goggles for your group, wear them!!!! Get a Soil pH test handout from the front Get your lab handout ready - THANKS We will be burning the oak soil samples today! LEARNING OBJECTIVE (LO): How different are the two samples of soil we collected from the field and analyzed in the lab?

TODAY’S PLAN Testing for soil organic matter (SOM) in oak soil samples If time, we will pH of soil samples today Recording data for the whole class

Wildlife Biology ENTRY TASK (ET) : Based on the evidence you collected so far from both soil samples, how similar or different are the two soil samples we collected and tested? LEARNING OBJECTIVE (LO): Investigate techniques to extract small organisms from soil samples

TODAY’S PLAN Finish pH of soil samples today Recording data for the whole class Extracting small organism challenge!

Makeup of SOM (6:00 min)

Get that organism out! Design a method to extract organisms out of the soil samples, so they can be observed under the microscope still alive! Use materials we have available in the class/lab, or easy to get gear you may have at home, You may work by yourself or with a partner. You will be expected to demonstrate that your method works and to write a report explaining the procedure If you put your best effort into the design but you were unsucessful, or partially successful, you will still get points. You will have to explain in your report what did not work, and ways the method can be improved

Wildlife Biology ENTRY TASK (ET) : Get a computer (per person) and get them started LEARNING OBJECTIVE (LO): Investigate lichens and mycorrhizae WE WILL GO OUTSIDE ON MONDAY – COME PREPARE AND BRING YOUR FIELD NOTEBOOKS!! If you know what mosses are, bring some from home!!

TODAY’S PLAN Mycorrhizae and lichen research

MYCORRHIZAE AND LICHENS RESEARCH Guiding question: Why are mycorrhizae and lichens an important component of our forest ecosystems? Using the Biology book ( ) and the internet, research the answer to the guiding question. You will have today’s class to work on this assignment. If not finished during class, you will have to finish it as homework (DUE MONDAY 22).

What is a lichen? What is mycorrhizae? How are both lichens and mycorrhizae related? Using a Venn diagram, write as many similarities and differences you can find between mycorrhizae and lichens. Develop a logical argument to explain which of the two, mycorrhizae or lichens, are more important to the forest ecosystems. Imagine you are a soil scientist. Explain with specific examples, which type of research or investigations you could conduct that involved lichens and mycorrhizae (one research/investigation for lichen, another for mycorrhizae). Hint: human uses, plant diseases, problems with crop production, etc.

Wildlife Biology ENTRY TASK (ET) : What is the difference between lichens and mycorrhizae? LEARNING OBJECTIVE (LO): Distinguish the main types of mosses in our region How mosses are adapted to their environment

TODAY’S PLAN Moss investigation

Plant evolution

Plant Classification Based on: 1. 1.Vascular system (Tubes that carry water & nutrients throughout plants) I. I.Non vascular II. II.Vascular 2. 2.Reproductive structures I. I.Spores – single cell II. II.Seeds – have many cells & food for the embryo plant a. a.Gymnosperms – put seed in cones b. b.Angiosperms – put seed in flower ovary

Bryophyte life cycle   The gametophyte is the dominant generation

Diversity of bryophytes MOSSES LIVERWORTS HORNWORTS

Bryophyte Drawings   Draw the two different bryophytes (mosses and liverworts)   Label the different structures (look at pictures in book, p. 425)   Write a short paragraph explaining the differences between mosses and liverworts

Wildlife Biology ENTRY TASK (ET) : Get a handout for the Lichen and bryophyte lab from the front Be ready for instructions LEARNING OBJECTIVE (LO): Distinguish the main types of mosses in our region

TODAY’S PLAN Lichen and bryophyte lab Mosses research

Wildlife Biology ENTRY TASK (ET) : What type were the majority of the mosses you identify yesterday? LEARNING OBJECTIVE (LO): Relevance of mosses and lichens in forest ecosystems

TODAY’S PLAN Mosses and lichens research

Because of their low profile and small size, bryophytes and lichens, also known as cryptogams, play a very insignificant role in forest ecosystems Find some evidence to refute the above claim with a counter claim, bases on the evidence found on several sources (see list below) Biology book (pages ) USGS Fact sheet on bryophytes Your own sources

Wildlife Biology ENTRY TASK (ET) : Get together with your group and after comparing your gathered evidence, work on a counterclaim that you all agree on LEARNING OBJECTIVE (LO): Relevance of mosses and lichens in forest ecosystems

TODAY’S PLAN Mosses and lichens research Peer assessment Writing test questions for quiz tomorrow

Multiple choice questions With your group, write 4 multiple choice (a, b, c, & d) questions for a quiz tomorrow on biological importance of soil, and mosses and lichens The four areas to cover: 1. Unearthing the Secrets of the Forest USGS factsheet 2. Biological component of soil lab 3. Lichen and mycorrhizae 4. Lichens and Mosses USGS factsheet

Wildlife Biology ENTRY TASK (ET) : Review for 10 minutes before quiz HAPPY FRIDAY! LEARNING OBJECTIVE (LO): Review knowledge on the biological importance of soil, mosses, lichens and mycorrhizae in forest ecosystems

TODAY’S PLAN Soil quiz Research project list