Good Morning! Turn in take home exam Please pick up a copy of the notes, guided reading and copy down the vocabulary. Both are due on Friday: 1.Endocrine 2.Hormone 3.Secretion 4.Insulin 5.Diabetes 6.Testosterone 7.Estrogen 8.Gametes 9.Fertilization 10.Gestation 11.Cell differentiation 12.Ovary 13.Uterus 14.Fallopian Tube 15.Placenta

A.Endocrine glands - release hormones into the bloodstream. B. Hormones are chemicals released in one part of the body that travel through the bloodstream and affect the activities of cells in other parts of the body. C. Hormones are chemical messages 2. Consists of:

A.Hormones are created for specific cells B.These hormones fit into receptors on the outside of the cell C.Once a hormone is received at a receptor the cell receives the chemical message (grow, change, DO SOMETHING!)

Comparison of Body Control Systems 2. Endocrine System1. Nervous System A.Secrete chemical messages called hormones. B.Help maintain homeostasis. C.Endocrine responses are slow but of longer duration. D.Hormones are carried by the bloodstream E.Like a letter in the mail A.Nerves send electrical impulses using a chemical called neurotransmitters. B.Help maintain homeostasis. C.Nerve responses are rapid and of short duration. D.Nerve impulses are transmitted through nerve cells. E.Like a text message

1. Pituitary Gland A. Function: It secretes nine hormones that directly regulate many body functions and controls functions of other glands. B. Disorders: Too much growth hormones (GH) in early childhood can result in a condition called gigantism. Too little GH can result in Pituitary Dwarfism.

The Roloff Family Little People Big World Robert Wadlow

2. Thyroid Gland A.Function: plays a major role in regulation the body’s metabolism. B.Disorders: If the Thyroid Gland produces too much Thyroxin, it can cause a condition known as Hyperthyroidism. If too little thyroxin is produced it is called Hypothyroidism.

C. Metabolism 1.The sum of all chemical reactions in the body 2.Building new cells, tissues, proteins, compounds etc. 3.Breaking things down: ▫Starch  glucose ▫Proteins  amino acids ▫Fats  fatty acids + glycerol

3. Pancreas A.Function: Produces insulin and glycogen which regulate blood glucose levels B.Disorders: When the Pancreas fails to produce or properly use Insulin, it can cause a condition known as Diabetes Mellitus.

C. Diabetes Mellitus 1.A disorder characterized by an insulin deficiency which results in an elevated blood sugar level ▫*Insulin – a hormone secreted by the pancreas that is responsible for controlling levels of glucose in the blood 2.Concentration of glucose in the blood must be monitored to avoid high or low sugar levels Complications of diabetes: ▫Heart disease and stroke, Kidney failure, Nerve damage, Amputations, Vision loss

Diabetes esandconditions/diabetes/ esandconditions/diabetes/

Eating 3 large meals a day creates large spikes in blood glucose levels and slow down metabolism Whatever glucose is not needed immediately is stored in the body temporarily as glucagon Glucagon, when unused within 24 hours, is converted to fat

Eating 5-6 small meals throughout the day keeps your metabolism running and avoids large spikes in blood glucose levels This way you eat only what you need, nothing is stored as glucagon or fat!

Testing and Monitoring Type I

Testing and Monitoring Type II Blood from finger tip pricks are used to test the amount of sugar present Patients administer their own insulin via syringe

Making Insulin – Gene splicing

Gene Splicing DNA sections that tell the body how to make insulin are cut from human DNA This section is then pasted into bacterial DNA The bacteria now has the “insulin manual” and can produce human insulin!

Insulin and Negative Feedback Video Human Body Concepts

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A.Negative feedback is a process that helps to maintain internal homeostasis B.A stimulus creates a change C.This change turns off the stimulus You run You get hot You sweat Sweat cools you down Body temperature returns to normal

4. Adrenal Gland A.Functions: The adrenal glands release Adrenaline in the body that helps prepare for and deal with stress. B.Also regulates kidney function.

5. Ovaries A.Functions: Pair of reproductive organs found in women that produce eggs. B.Also secrete estrogen and progesterone, which control ovulation and menstruation.

6. Testes A.Functions: Pair of reproductive glands that produces sperm. B.Also secrete Testosterone to give the body its masculine characteristics.

Interaction of Glands The hypothalamus is located in the brain and controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland. It is an important link between the endocrine and nervous systems. cts/Hypothalamus.gif

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