Light Atomic Structure and Periodicity You should be able to  Identify characteristics of and perform calculations with frequency and wavelength.

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Presentation transcript:

Light

Atomic Structure and Periodicity You should be able to  Identify characteristics of and perform calculations with frequency and wavelength.  Know the relationship between types of electromagnetic radiation and Energy; for example, gamma rays are the most damaging.  Know what exhibits continuous and line spectra.  Know what each of the four quantum numbers n, l, m, and m s represents.  Identify the four quantum numbers for an electron in an atom.  Write complete and shorthand electron configurations as well as orbital diagrams for an atom or ion of an element.  Identify the number and location of the valence electrons in an atom.  Apply the trends in atomic properties such as atomic radii, ionization energy, electronegativity, electron affinity, and ionic size.

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved. MOST of the ENERGY is being released as HEAT

Light Bulbs Tungsten –F–Filament glows red-hot –M–Moving electrons = friction The flow of electrons is called electricity! Fluorescent –C–Cool-light –E–Electrons become excited and release energy (light) as they fall back to ground state. e e e e e e e e e e e e e e electrons 12 Gauge Wire 8 Gauge Wire

Light Bulbs Tungsten –F–Filament glows red-hot –M–Moving electrons = friction The flow of electrons is called electricity! Fluorescent –C–Cool-light –E–Electrons become excited and release energy (light) as they fall back to ground state. e e e e e e e e e e e e e e electrons 12 Gauge Wire 8 Gauge Wire

Formation of Light Nucleus e e Lithium Atom + Ground State e e Excited State e Electron Returns to Ground State Light is given off e Ion is formed Li  e + Li 1+ hv n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 n = 4 n = 5 n = 6 n = 7 Nucleus

Humor Question: Why does hamburger have lower energy than steak? Answer: Because it’s in the ground state.

Light Particles –photons (discrete bundles of energy) Light is emitted when electrons return to ground state from an excited state Waves –Frequency, wavelength Wave-Particle duality

Wave-Particle Duality JJ Thomson won the Nobel prize for describing the electron as a particle. His son, George Thomson won the Nobel prize for describing the wave-like nature of the electron. The electron is a particle ! The electron is an energy wave!

The Wave-like Electron Louis deBroglie The electron propagates through space as an energy wave. To understand the atom, one must understand the behavior of electromagnetic waves.