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 Fat soluble Vitamins  Molecules that the body cannot make itself  Dissolve in fat  Must consume in/with fat  Needed as take part both in metabloism and to act as hormones

Role of Fat Soluble Vitamins Role of Fat Soluble Vitamins  These vitamins have a different role in metabolism than the Water Soluble Vitamins  Need for roles like hormones eg Vit A, D  Needed for involvement in physiological functions eg Vit E, K and A (in vision)

Vitamin D Function Vitamin D Function  Need to allow Calcium uptake  stimulates production of Calcium Binding Proteins (CBP)  this allows uptake of calcium from the gut, bone and urine

Vitamin D has to be activated before it can work  Vit D works together with Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)  Too little Vit D causes extra PTH  PTH is a vasoactive and  Causes blood vessels to constrict and High blood pressure  Causes blood vessels to constrict and High blood pressure

Deficiencies  Rickets Infants very bad in china still Rickets l Osteomalacia Adults Osteomalacia l Osteoporosis Older adults Osteoporosis l hypertension Effects every one hypertension l More in higher latitudes where less sun l More important than too much salt

Source of Vitamin D Source of Vitamin D  Made in the Skin form Cholesterol need UV light  more deficiency in higher latitudes (Victoria. > Queensland) Vit. D 3 made in skin (Called pro Vit D)  Must be oxidised in Lung then Kidney to produce Active Vit. D ( DHCC)

Excess  dangers of food supplantation?

Vitamin A (Retinol)  Needed to form Visual purple in the retina of eye  Hormonal action  regulates cell differentiation  Immune system  Blood cells  skin  hair  Embryonic development  Cancer

Deficiencies of Vitamin A Deficiencies of Vitamin A  Deficiency permanently blinds some 250,000 children a year.  Infectious Childhood illnesses, contributing to 30% of the deaths of under 5 yo.s  Vitamin A supplementation could prevent 1 to 3 million child deaths each year.  Blindness linked with diarrhoea Blindness linked with diarrhoea Blindness linked with diarrhoea  The lack of vitamin also results in diarrhoea and other infections.  These repeated attacks of diarrhoea may bring about the final eye damage which destroys sight.==> Unable to absorb Vit A

Sources of Vitamin A   - carotene (yellow Pigment in plants)  Converts into Vit. A  Liver, eggs, butter, margarines, fish oil  Green and red vegetables

Vitamin E Vitamin E  Natural Anti-oxidant  Stops production of Free Radicles  Free radicles react with many compounds  DNA - mutations  Phosphlipids - membrane fracture  Ageing

Source of Vitamin E Source of Vitamin E  Wheat germ  Unprocessed vegetable oils  Nuts  Green vegetables

Vitamin K Vitamin K  Need for blood clotting  formation of prothrombin  Sources:  Fats and Oils  Vegetables  Intestinal bacteria

The End