Types of Joints

What are joints?  When two or more bones join together…you have joints. Joints are held together by bands of connective tissue called ligaments.  There are 3 main types of joints  Diarthrosis or synovial  Synarthrosis  amphiarthrosis

Diarthrosis  Also known as synovial  Freely moveable joints  Examples: ball and socket joints of shoulder and hip, hinge joints of elbow and knee

Amphiarthrosis  Slightly moveable  Examples: ribs to thoracic vertebrae  Symphysis pubis

Synarthrosis  Immovable joints  Examples: sutures of the cranium

Diseases and Abnormalities Arthritis: inflammation of the joints 2 main types: Osteoarthritis—most common, chronic, usually a result of aging or overuse Rheumatoid arthritis—autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease that affects connective tissue and joints

Diseases and Abnormalities

Bursitis—inflammation of the bursae Bursae are small fluid filled sacs that surround the joints Frequently affects joints with repetitive frequent motions such as shoulders, elbows, hips and knees

Fractures (Fx) Fracture=break in the bone Several types of fractures – Greenstick fx: incomplete break, common in kids

Simple or closed=complete break of bone with no break in skin

Compound or open=bone breaks and protrudes through skin

Impacted=broken bone ends jam into each other Comminuted=bone fragments or splinters into more than two pieces Spiral=bone twists, results in one or more breaks Depressed=broken piece of skull moves inward causing severe head injury Colles=breaking and disclocation of distal radius, causing bulge at wrist

Ruptured Disk=happens when pad of cartilage between vertebrae ruptures or protrudes out of place, causing pressure on spinal nerves – Also known as herniated disk or slipped disk

Spinal Curvatures  kyphosis: rounding of the back at the thoracic area, also known as “hunchback”

 Scoliosis: side to side, lateral curvature of spine

 Lordosis: abnormal inward curvature of lumbar region, also known as “swayback”

 Other abnormalities to know:  Dislocation  Sprain  Osteomyelitis  Osteoporosis