Cerebral Angiography Radiological study of the blood vessels of the brain to enable physicians to localized and diagnose pathology or anomalies of the brain and neck region.

Pathologic Indications: * Vascular stenosis and occlusions. * Aneurysms. * Trauma. * Arteriovenous malformations * Neoplastic diseases.

Technique Catheterization :- * Femoral site preferred * catheter advanced to the aortic arch, then to the common carotid arteries, internal carotid arteries, external carotid arteries,and vertebral arteries.

Contrast media :- Depend upon the vessel being exam, usually between ml. Imaging Imaging sequence selected should include all phase of the circulation ( arterial, venous, capillary ) – will be 8-10 seconds long. Projections depend upon the vessels being exam.

Thoracic Angiography Radiological study the contour and integrity of the thoracic vasculature to enable physicians to localized and diagnose pathology or anomalies of the heart ( thoracic aoratography is an angiographic study of the ascending aorta, the arch, the descending portion of the thoracic aorta, and the major branches. Pulmonary Arteriography is an angiographic study of the pulmonary vessels, usually done to investigate for pulmonary embolus ).

Pathologic Indications:- * Vascular stenosis and occlusions * Aneurysms. * Trauma. * Congenital abnormalities * Embolus

Technique Catheterization :- Femoral site preferred. catheter advanced to desired location in the aorta ( by using specially catheters). Contrast media :- Depend upon the vessel being exam usually between ml.

Abdominal Angiography Radiological study of the the contour and integrity of the abdominal vasculature to enable physicians to localized and diagnose pathology or anomalies of the Abdominal vessels ( the placement or displacement of abdominal vessels being studies and possible obstruction or tears - aneurysm ballooning)

Pathologic Indications:- * Vascular stenosis and occlusions * Aneurysms. * Trauma. * Congenital abnormalities. * Gastro-intestinal bleeding

Technique Contrast media :- Depend upon the vessel being exam, usually between ml.

Imaging Patient in supine position Serial images for thoracic angiography acquired over several seconds. Imaging sequences depends upon many factors including vessel size, patient history and physician preference. Respiration is suspended during image acquisition.

Peripheral Angiography Radiological study the contour and integrity of the peripheral vasculature to enable physicians to localized and diagnose pathology or anomalies of the peripheral vessel. Pathologic Indications:- * Vascular stenosis and occlusions. * Neoplasm. * Trauma. * Congenital abnormalities. * Embolus and thrombus.

Catheterization :- Femoral site preferred. For a lower limb arteriogram catheter is advanced just superior to the aortic bifurcation. The types and size of catheter depend upon the structure. For study of the upper limbs, the subclavian artery is selected. Contrast media :- Depend upon the vessel being exam, usually upper limb is less much than lower limb ( upper limb unilateral and lower limb bilateral).

Imaging :- Once the timing of blood flow has been established, the table moves, and images acquired.