The monitoring of greenhouse gases and governmental policies on controlling emission in China Renhe Zhang （张人禾） Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences （中国气象科学研究院）

Content Climate change in China GHGs monitoring in China Governmental policies on controlling emission Concluding remarks

Content Climate change in China GHGs monitoring in China Governmental policies on controlling emission Concluding remarks

气候变化监测 Surface temperature Change in China

（中国气象局国家气候中心） Change of the Annual Mean surface temperature in

Precipitation Change in China （中国气象局国家气候中心）

Change of the Annual Mean Precipitation in

Trends of Extreme Heavy Rainfall Days in China in

Haze Frequency Change in China Affecting traffic, electronic power and human health.

Content Climate change in China GHGs monitoring in China Governmental policies on controlling emission Concluding remarks

GAW Global & Regional Stations in China

Science & Technology Cooperation Operation & Logistic CMA Provincial Meteorological Bureaus Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences GAW Global & Regional stations Other network stations Local government Joint workshop Scientific community Management GAW stations in China

WLG LFS SDZ LA China Atmosphere Watch （ 14 Key regions ） National Centre for Network Observation Funded by MOST Project ( )

Atmospheric CO 2, CH4, CO monthly mean time series at Mt.Waliguan (WLG) & compare to Mouna Loa (MLO)

Atmospheric CO2 mixing ratio ( )

Atmospheric CH4 mixing ratio ( )

Time series of CO 2 mole fractions used in NOAA’s CarbonTracker

● Independent emission estimates (top down) for China CFCs, CCl 4, CH 3 CCl 3, Halons, HCFCs + current emissions, trends; + check on emissions reported to UNEP (bottom up) ● Improve global budgets for these trace gases (lifetimes, global sources) ● Contributions of these trace gases to global warming Objectives

Ozone-depleting Gases CFCs: chlorofluorocarbons (C, Cl, F): CFC-12, CFC-11, CFC-113, CFC-115, CFC-114 HCFCs: hydrochlorofluorcarbons (C, Cl, F, H): HCFC-22, HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b, HCFC-124 Halons: (C, Br, Cl, F): H-1301, H-1211 Trichloroethane = methyl chloroform = CH 3 CCl 3 Carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) Chloroform (CHCl 3 ) TCE (C 2 HCl 3 ) and PCE (C 2 Cl 3 ) Methyl bromide (CH 3 Br) Greenhouse Gases CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O HFCs: hydrofluorocarbons (C, H, F): HFC-134, HFC-152a, HFC-125, HFC-23, HFC-143, HFC-227ea, HFC- 161, HFC-365mfc, HFC-245fa, HFC- 236fa, and many more PFCs: Perfluorated Hydrocarbons (C, F): CF 4, C 2 F 6, C 4 F 8 SF6 CO Compounds currently measured at Shangdianzi Species in red: in-situ Species in blue: flasks

Preliminary results from SDZ, China Production and consumption of CFCs was banned on July 1 st, 2007 (China National Plan) July 1st 2007 CFC-11 CFC-12

Production and consumption of Halons will be banned in 2010 Preliminary results from SDZ, China Polluted Background Halon-1301 [ ppt ]

Preliminary results from SDZ, China Production and consumption of methyl chloroform (CH 3 CCl 3 ) will be banned in CH 3 CCl 3

Tang et al., 1993 Wang et al. ， 2003 Chen et al., 2001 Wang et al. ， 2005 Chen et al., ， 1998 Wang et al. ， 1997 Chang et al. ， 2000 Some campaign sites in China

Comparing with other results CFC-12 CFC-113 CH 3 CCl 3 CCl 4 Compare with some campaign sites in China

Red-Shangdianzi polluted 、 Black-Shangdianzi background Blue-Mace Head polluted 、 Light blue -Mace Head background Yellow-Cape Grim polluted 、 Pink-Cape Grim background Courtesy AGAGE: Mace Head / Cape Grim Observational data Compare with some AGAGE global sites

CH 3 CCl 3 [ ppt ] Mace Head Cape Grim Shangdianzi Compare with AGAGE results

total ban Mace Head Cape Grim Shangdianzi 50% freeze CH 3 CCl 3 [ ppt ] Compare with AGAGE results

total ban Mace Head Cape Grim Shangdianzi 50% freeze 30% % % CH 3 CCl 3 [ ppt ] Compare with AGAGE results

Global and Chinese Emissions

Chinese CH 3 CCl 3 Emissions

Chinese HCFC-22 Emissions

Content Climate change in China GHGs monitoring in China Governmental policies on controlling emission Concluding remarks

Meeting the challenge of climate change is one of the political tasks in China In 17th CPC Congress, President HU Jintao stress: Meeting the challenge of climate change, Raising the utilizing efficiency of resources, Improving eco-environment substantially.

When President Hu Jintao visited Gansu Provincial Meteorological Bureau, he said: “Climate change is a hot topics in the world. You should conduct well research on it to guarantee the sustainable development of economics and society and to serve the people’s welfare and safety.”

On June 4, 2007, China distributes the State Council Document of the “National Plan for Meeting the Challenge of Climate Change”. China also established National Leading Group for meeting the challenge of climate change. Premier Wen Jiabao serve as the leader of the Group.

The Document requires the whole country: to realize the importance and pressure of climate change, to understand the requirement of implementation of the State Council Document, to fulfil policies and measures in controlling GHGs emission, to enhance the ability in adaptation of climate change, to exert the role of science and technology, to set up system and mechanism to strengthen organizing and leading.

Main Contents of the State Council Document Part 1 Present Status of Climate Change in China and Efforts in Meeting the Challenge of Climate Change Part 2 Influence and Challenge of Climate Change to China Part 3 Guidance, Principle and Goal for Meeting the Challenge of Climate Change in China Part 4 China’s Policies and Measures for Meeting the Challenge of Climate Change Part 5 China’s Basic Standpoint for some questions and International Cooperation

Measures taken in controlling GHGs Emission adjusting the structure of economics, advancing the progress of technology, raising the efficiency of energy utilization developing low carbon energy and clean energy, changing energy structure tree planting and afforestation, ecology construction and protectation family plan, controlling increasing of population constituting related laws, regulations and policies constructing system and organization Strengthening research on climate change, and ability construction Education and publicity of climate change

Achievement ——Some examples Raising the energy efficiency — Energy consumption for 10,000YMB-GDP reduced 47% in , saving coal 8X10 8 tons and reducing emission of CO 2 18X10 8 tons. 1% increasing of Unit GDP increases emission by 0.38%, lower than world average 0.6%. Using clean energy — Utilization of clean energy in 2005 corresponding to reduce CO 2 emission 3.28X10 8 tons. Planting tree — Tree planting in corresponds to absorb CO X10 8 tons. In , Energy consumption for Unit GDP will be reduced by 20%.

Content Climate change in China GHGs monitoring in China Governmental policies on controlling emission Concluding remarks

GHGs monitoring and its impact on climate change in Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science

Launch of EU-China Year of Science & Technology Policy Forum Brussels, October 2006 International cooperation

Sino-Swiss Science and Technology Cooperation JOINT RESEARCH PROJECTS Sino-Swiss cooperation on monitoring of non-CO2 greenhouse gases (2SMONG) Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS) Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (Empa) Shangdianzi,

We have only one world!