Do Now Identify 3 things every organism needs to survive. Write your answers in your notebook.

Big Picture LS2.A: Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems  Similarly, predatory interactions may reduce the number of organisms or eliminate whole populations of organisms. Mutually beneficial interactions, in contrast, may become so interdependent that each organism requires the other for survival. Although the species involved in these competitive, predatory, and mutually beneficial interactions vary across ecosystems, the patterns of interactions of organisms with their environments, both living and nonliving, are shared. (MS-LS2-2) LS2.B: Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems  Food webs are models that demonstrate how matter and energy is transferred between producers, consumers, and decomposers as the three groups interact within an ecosystem. Transfers of matter into and out of the physical environment occur at every level. Decomposers recycle nutrients from dead plant or animal matter back to the soil in terrestrial environments or to the water in aquatic environments. The atoms that make up the organisms in an ecosystem are cycled repeatedly between the living and nonliving parts of the ecosystem. (MS-LS2-3)

Objectives: By observing models, students will investigate the types of interactions organisms have with each other in their environments.  Learning Target  Today I will: Learn about the types of interactions organisms have with each other in their environment  So that I can: Apply those concepts to how organisms in an ecosystem are connected.  I will know I got it if: I can identify the four main ways organisms affect each other.  Agenda  Today we will:  Watch a quick video  Teacher presentation  Group and Individual work  Exit ticket Vocabulary  carrying capacity  prey  predator  symbiosis  mutualism  commensalism  parasitism  coevolution

Interactions with the Environment Limiting Factors A resource that is so scarce that it limits the size of a population is called a limiting factor. Carrying Capacity The largest population that an environment can support is known as the carrying capacity.

Interactions Between Organisms Individuals and Populations Interact Populations contain individuals of a single species that interact with one another, such as a group of rabbits feeding in the same area. Communities contain interacting populations, such as a coral reef with many species of corals trying to find living space.

Competition Individuals and Populations Interact When two or more individuals or populations try to use the same resource, such as food, water, shelter, space, or sunlight, it is called competition. Competition can happen within a population, or between populations.

Predators and Prey Predators are organisms that eat all or part of another organism. Organisms that are killed and eaten by other organisms are called prey. Predator Adaptations To survive, predators must be able to catch their prey. Predators have a wide variety of methods and abilities for doing so.

Predators and Prey, continued Prey Adaptations Prey have their own methods and abilities to keep from being eaten. Prey are able to run away, stay in groups, or camouflage themselves. Some prey are poisonous. Camouflage One way animals avoid being eaten is by being hard to see. Blending in with the background is called camouflage.

Predators and Prey, continued Defensive Chemicals Some animals defend themselves with chemicals. The skunk and the bombardier beetle both spray predators with irritating chemicals. Bees, ants, and wasps inject a powerful acid into their attackers. Warning Coloration Animals that have a chemical defense need a way to warn predators that they should look elsewhere for a meal. Their chemical weapons are often advertised by warning colors.

Symbiosis Symbiosis is a relationship in which two different organisms live in close association with each other. Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit. Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected.

Symbiosis, continued Parasitism is a symbiotic association in which one organism benefits while the other is harmed. The organism that benefits is called the parasite, while the organism that is harmed is called the host.

Coevolution What Is Coevolution? When a long-term change takes place in two species because of their close interactions with one another, the change is called coevolution. Coevolution and Flowers Flowers have changed over millions of years to attract pollinators. Pollinators such as bees, bats, and hummingbirds can be attracted to a flower because of its color, odor, or nectar.

Exit Ticket  Identify 3 ways predators and prey adapt to their ecosystem?  What are the four main ways organisms affect each other an ecosystem?