Life in the Industrial Age Sections 1 & 2

At first only Britain was industrialized, but it spread to other countries. Belgium Belgium France France Germany Germany United States United States At first only Britain was industrialized, but it spread to other countries. Belgium Belgium France France Germany Germany United States United States

How did the other countries catch up so fast?  Some had more natural resources, (Germany, France, United States)  Could follow Britain’s lead  “Stole” the British technology By 1900 the U.S. was producing 30% of the world’s industrial goods

Technology sparks industrial growth Henry Bessemer makes steel from iron (steel is lighter, stronger, harder, more durable than iron) Steel used to build tools, bridges, railroads, and skyscrapers

Sir Henry Bessemer January 19, March 15, 1898

Alfred Nobel Swedish Chemist Invents dynamite Made a fortune, used to fund the famous Nobel Prize

Michael Faraday English Chemist, invents the dynamo (the first simple electric motor) Today all electric generators and transformers work on the principle of Faraday’s dynamo

Thomas Edison Made the first electric light bulb Soon spread to cities around the world, making it safer on the streets at night

New methods of production To improve efficiency, manufacturers came up with new products: Interchangeable Parts - identical parts that could be used in the place of another Assembly Line - a different person performs each task along an assembly line, making products cheaper and easier to make.

Transportation and Communication Advances Steamships replace sailing ships Rail lines connect cities and industrial areas

Automobile Age Nikolaus Otto - invented the internal combustion engine Karl Benz - patents the first automobile

Automobile Age Nikolaus Otto - invented the internal combustion engine Karl Benz - patents the first automobile In the early 1900s Henry Ford began using the assembly line to mass produce cars, making the U.S. the leader automobile industry

Airplanes take flight Orville & Wilbur Wright - designed and flew the first airplane

Communication Samuel Morse - invents the telegraph, which sends coded messages over wires

Communication Guglielmo Marconi - invented the radio

Rise of Big Business In order to get money, or capital, companies begin to sell stock Owning stock would make a person a part owner of a company When a company was large enough they became a corporation

Rise of Big Business Monopolies, companies so big they control an entire industry, begin to form The largest in the U.S. was Standard Oil owned by John D. Rockefeller

John D. Rockefeller “Don’t be afraid to give up the good to go for the great.” “If your only goal is to become rich, you will never achieve it.”

John D.’s House

John D.’s Summer Home

John D.’s Winter Home

John D. Rockefeller Was the richest man EVER If he was alive today he’d be worth… $330 BILLION

Population Explodes Between 1800 and 1900 the population more than doubled in Europe Not because of more births but because death rates fell Nutrition improved Medicine improved

Louis Pasteur French chemist Discovered the link between germs and disease

Hospital Care Improves Hospitals were dangerous, many people would survive surgery, but would later die from infection Two people helped change that

Florence Nightingale British Nurse Insisted on better hygiene in field hospitals Helped lower death rate from wounded soldiers from 60% to 2%

Joseph Lister English Surgeon Discovered antiseptics prevented infection First to sterilize instruments

Cities Change Called urban renewal Spacious new squares, wide blvds., parks, new beautiful government buildings Paved streets Electric street lamps Sewage systems, which decreased diseases

Cities Change But not that much, it takes awhile before the standard of living for the poor gets better