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Functionalist theory is "also called functionalism, each aspect of society is interdependent and contributes to society's functioning as a whole. (Cliffnotes,n.d.) Functionalism defines that society should operate as a unit, that each part had its individuals function. If everyone functioned according to their role then everything should flow and things should remain in order. Functionalist theory defines the working of an organism affects another. Olsen, 2009 states 'The primary goal of the functionalist was to discover how mental and behavioral processes are related to an organism’s adaptation to its environment. Functionalist theory can be defined by roles. Roles such as mothers taking care of the home while Dad works, or a education system that is supported by tax dollars teaching children of the communities that support them, a person fulfilling a position at a company while the company pays its employees, and adults doing activities in turn for resources and those resources being used to support the adults. Associationistic theory studies the learning process in terms of the laws of association (Olsen,2009). Associationism also relates to mental activity that has a connection to past events. Associationistic learning theory states that we learn by association, we compare to help us remember, we can pinpoint objects, places or things that can increase our learning, though the learning can be slow though association, it can be consistent as opportunities arise that we can associate with something that we already know. Associationistic insist on repetition and reinforcement. If a alarm sounds then we goo it has to remain that way if we are to learn if the order gets reversed then it can cause confusion. If we establish a rule and not reinforcement it, the rule would be meaningless. Constant application of what is attempting to be established ensures that the association is a success. 2

 Skinner developed the scientific philosophy radical behaviorism  Skinner’s research was based on Operant Conditioning.  Skinner emphasized Reinforcement's controlled over behavior  Researched effects of positive and negative reinforcement, punishment, and extinction  Researched shaping behavior how it reinforces behavior  Investigated partial reinforcement through reinforcers and response  Researched verbal behaviors, programmed and teaching machines 3

 Pavlov’s major contribution was on classical conditioning  Contributed to the field of physiology (digestion)  Studied new discipline of higher neuron activity.  Studied verbal conditioning known as language acquisition  Researched psychopathology which deals with mental illness  Worked as skilled surgeon experimenting on dogs  Continued to influence concepts of modifiable behavior or learning 4

 B.F. Skinner and Ivan Pavlov Theoretical Concepts  Psychologist contributed great things in psychology  Devoting time and energy to their research  Create theoretical and practical in medicine  Discovering in classical conditioning  Relationship in modern psychology 5

 Motivational approach to self integration in personality  The modern empirical psychology learned  B.F. Skinner and Ivan Pavlov regulation behavior  Research of brain behavior and body functioning  The reflex experience in classical conditioning field 6

 Developed a learning model known as operant conditioning  Reinforcement  Punishment  Extinction  Schedule of Reinforcement 7

 Developed a learning model known as Classical conditioning  Learned response to a specific stimulus  Unconditioned stimulus  Conditioned stimulus  Conditioned response  Unconditioned response 8

 Skinner’s contribution to Education  Class Schedules and Marking periods  Syllabus to explain objectives  Report cards and progress reports  Appraisal reward from instructors  CBI or Online learning 9

 Ivan Pavlov’s contribution to Advertisement and Health  Television Commercials and association learning  Pairing of products with desired lifestyles  Buying products believed to achieve those lifestyles  Immune System Conditioning  Current AID’s research  Biofeedback 10

11 The contributions of Pavlov and Skinner paved the way for many thoughts of behavior to be discovered, researched, studied and treated. Classical and Operant conditioning is based on conditioned and unconditioned responses, and how organisms respond when presented with reinforcers. Skinner and Pavlov also made contributions to other fields of science, such as physiology, verbal behavior, and mental illness. The work of Pavlov and Skinner has made a difference in how we, we learn and how we react, what we will respond to and what we won’t.

Cliffnotes (n.d.)Three Major Perspectives in Sociology, retrieved from Olson, M.H. & Hergenhahn, B.R. (2009). An introduction to theories of learning (8th ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Parson, S. & Peterson, E. (2002) retrieved May 14, 2011, from m. Bradley/psyography 12