Chapter – Industry and Railroads Essential Question Who was responsible for building the first transcontinental railroad AND how did the railroad change life in America?

Q1: Industrial Revolution Continues Throughout 1880s factory production expanded throughout US Reasons: – Plentiful natural resources – Growing population – Improved transportation – High immigration – New inventions – Investment capital – Government assistance

Q2: Steel Before mid 1800s steel very expensive to manufacture due to steel-making process using huge amounts of coal In 1850s new process for making steel developed using 1/7 th the coal Plows, barbed wire, nails, beams for buildings, and railroads made from steel

Iron & Steel Production

Q3: Edison and Electricity Edison received more than 1,000 U.S. patents Most famous invention was practical electric lighting – (Electric lights had been invented but were too bright and “flickery”) Invented light bulb in 1876 By late 1880s Edison’s factory produced about a million light bulbs a year Thomas Edison

U. S. Patents Granted

Q4: Other Inventions Sewing machines invented by Elias Howe Typewriter invented by Christopher Latham Sholes 1873 – Jeans invented by Levi Strauss Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone Thomas Edison invented cylinder phonograph (music) 1880 – British Perforated Paper Company invents a form of toilet paper 1886 – John Pemberton invents Coca Cola 1888 – Thomas Edison invents the first Kinetoscope (Motion Picture Camera) 1893 – W.L. Judson invents the zipper 1903 – Orville and Wilbur Wright invent first successful flying machine to carry a person 1908 – Henry Ford begins producing Model T Cars

Alexander Graham Bell Telephone (1876)

The Phonograph (1877)

The Ediphone or Dictaphone

The Motion Picture Camera (1888)

The Airplane (1903) Wilbur Wright Orville Wright Kitty Hawk, NC – December 7, 1903

Model T Automobile (1908) Henry Ford “ I want to pay my workers so that they can afford my product!”

Inventions and Industry

Q5: Transcontinental Railroad Congress passed bill calling for 2 companies to build transcontinental railroad across center of U.S. Central Pacific Railroad, lead by Leland Stanford, would start in Sacramento, CA, and build East – Leland Stanford, as CPR President, was one of the “Big Four” from the Central Pacific Railroad others included Collis Huntington (VP), Mark Hopkins (Treasurer), and Charles Crocker (Construction Supervisor) Union Pacific Railroad would start in Omaha, NE, and build west

Q6: Building the Railroad Govt lent Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroads millions of dollars and gave them 20 sq miles of land for every mile of track laid Central Pacific faced labor shortage due to men wanting to be miners, so instead hired Chinese immigrants (over 10,000 in all) Chinese worked hard, often given most dangerous jobs, due to health and eating habits often stayed healthier than white workers

Central Pacific Railroad

How were the Chinese treated?

“The Big Four” Railroad Magnates of the Central Pacific Railroad Charles Crocker Mark Hopkins Leland Stanford Collis Huntington

Union Pacific Railroad

Promontory Point, UT (May 10, 1869)

Q7: Railroad Time Before railroads each community determined its own time based on calculations of sun’s travels Solar time caused problems for people who scheduled trains crossing several time zones RR companies set up standard time in 1883, Congress didn’t officially adopt standard time until 1918

Railroads Created “Standard Time”

Q8: Economic and Social Changes Railroads changed people’s lives in many ways: – Linked economies of West and East – Helped people settle in the West – Weakened Native American hold on West – Gave people more control of the environment (didn’t have to live as close to waterways)

Summary Write a 3-6 sentence summary answering the EQ with details! Who was responsible for building the first transcontinental railroad AND how did the railroad change life in America?