11 CPD9 Academic Leadership Skills 4 - Career Research Integrity and Reporting Research Findings Natalie Shlomo Kingsley Purdam Social Statistics, School of Social Sciences University of Manchester

22 Topics Covered What is Academic Integrity Research Integrity and Ethics in Practice Academic Codes of Conduct Professional Codes of Practice What makes a successful academic career Group discussion/scenarios

33 Definition: moral code or ethical policy of academia Intellectual honesty Avoidance of cheating or plagiarism Maintaining academic standards Honesty and rigour in research, academic publishing and teaching/supervision Take pride in your own ideas and respect the work of others With the vast amounts of information over the internet, there is more concern about what is ‘ownership’ Training and awareness is important for understanding plagiarism and intellectual property (student induction, programme handbooks, ‘turnitin’) What is Academic Integrity?

44 International Centre for Academic Integrity defines academic integrity as a commitment to 5 fundamental values: Honesty –intellectual and personal honesty in learning, teaching, research and service Trust – foster mutual trust and free exchange of ideas which allows scholarly inquiry Fairness – clear and transparent expectations, standards and practice in interactions with students, faculty and administrators Respect – honour and value diverse opinions and ideas and promote the nature of learning Responsibility – personal accountability with willingness to lead by example, uphold standards and take action when encountering wrong doing Research Integrity and Ethics in Practice

55 University of Manchester Code of Good Research Conduct 4http://documents.manchester.ac.uk/display.aspx?DocID=280 4 covers: Honesty and integrity is the need for researchers to be honest in respect of their own actions and in their responses to the actions of others This applies to research activities, such as: applying for funding, experimental designs, generating, recording, analysing and interpreting data, publishing and exploiting results, acknowledging direct and indirect contributions of colleagues, collaborators and others If an error is discovered after a paper has been published, the results should be retracted All researchers should disclose and justify potential conflicts of interest Any person (students, post-docs, technical staff, etc.) who participated substantially in the research must be given the opportunity to be included as an author on publications Researchers should refrain from redundant publication of their work Academic Codes of Conduct

66 Researchers have a duty to disseminate their research as widely as possible, especially to those who will benefit directly from it, and to publish where their research will have the greatest impact The University regards the creation of intellectual property as one of its major objectives The University expects researchers to be aware of and adhere to its rules, policies and guidelines, any legal and policy requirements which regulate their work Openness in discussing work with other researchers and the public Observance of professional guidance by scientific and learned societies, funding bodies and other professional organizations and adherence to legislation Strong research leadership Heads of School and senior colleagues are responsible for ensuring research culture and that all individuals are aware of the Code Academic Codes of Conduct

77 Sound management practice to create effective and supportive environment ensuring integrity and quality of research activities and timely delivery of research outputs Researchers should keep clear and accurate records of their research Accountability and consideration of ethical implications of research and awareness of responsibilities to society, the profession, the University, staff, students and other participants All research should be conducted within the terms and conditions defined and must adhere to all current safety practices, research governance and ethical considerations Robust approach to dealing with alleged research misconduct University is committed to ensuring that complaints are investigated with thoroughness and rigour MUST SEE: Guide to Good Research Practice at: oodresearchpractice/ Academic Codes of Conduct

88 Professional associations typically maintain a code of conduct to define the behaviour expected of members/fellows practising in everyday professional life Royal Statistical Society code of conduct: all members of the Society are commended to follow the code of conduct and is mandatory for professionally qualified Fellows (handout) Other examples: British Sociological Association alPractice.pdf alPractice.pdf Social Research Association content/uploads/respect_code.pdf content/uploads/respect_code.pdf Professional Codes of Conduct

99 Service, leadership and teaching Impact Integrity Membership in Professional Societies Editorship and peer review of academic journals Follow ethics for academic publications What makes a successful academic career?

10 Internal Programme coordinators, Promotion and job interview panels, mentoring Undertake training in higher education teaching and become a member of the HEA External Advisory Boards outside of academia Provides outreach to non-academic institutions, eg. ONS Methodology Advisory Board This is a way to: influence policies, ensure high standards of work outside of academia, ensure knowledge transfer between Universities and other organizations Service, Leadership and Teaching

11 International presence and collaborations - go to conferences and network! Be a leader in your area of research, promote your research at conferences or visit and present at other Universities and Institutions Continuous publications in different academic journals (don’t ‘squeeze’ out the same research into too many journal papers) Be a leader in an area of research but also need to be diverse in other research areas to have impact Remember, for your promotions, you need to have international references! Impact

12 Decide on authorships of journal papers in advance with colleagues and decide who does what Authorships on research papers are typically in order of responsibility for the research Authorships can also be alphabetical if the work is evenly spread When dealing with PhD students and post-docs, discuss intellectual property and authorships in advance When consulting or carrying out research outside of academia, eg. for a government organization, seek permission before publishing Integrity

13 Follow professional standards of society Take part in society activities, eg. executive board, sub-committees Arrange departmental seminars and volunteer to arrange sessions at conferences Editorship duties of academic journals and peer review of articles Professional Societies and Editorship

14 Use robust, valid and repeatable methods in academic papers Provide access to your data Ensure intellectual property, citations and referencing Authorships and acknowledgements, and in particular to acknowledge funders Avoid the following at all costs (next slide)! Follow Ethics in Publications

15 RETRACTED: Social networks of author–coauthor relationships Yasmin H. SaidYasmin H. Said, Edward J. Wegman, Walid K. Sharabati, John T. RigsbyEdward J. WegmanWalid K. SharabatiJohn T. Rigsby Department of Computational and Data Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA Available online 9 August 2007 This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal ( This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief and co-Editors, as it contain portions of other authors' writings on the same topic in other publications, without sufficient attribution to these earlier works being given. The principal authors of the paper acknowledged that text from background sources was mistakenly used in the Introduction without proper reference to the original source. Specifically, the first page and a half of the article (pp. 2177–2178) contain together excerpts from Wikipedia (first paragraph), Wasserman and Faust's “Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications” (pp. 17–20) ISBN 10: ; ISBN 13: Publication Date: 1994, and W. de Nooy, A. Mrvar and V. Bategelj's “Exploratory Social Network Analysis with Pajek"” (pp. 31, 36, 123, and 133) ISBN 10: ; ISBN 13: Publication Date: The scientific community takes a strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process. One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that their work is original and has not appeared in a publication elsewhere. The re-use of material, without appropriate reference, even if not known to the authors at the time of submission, breaches our publishing policies.

16 1. A senior colleague publishes the work of a PhD student/colleague without crediting them 2. A colleague asks to be included on a paper they didn’t really contribute to 3. How do you review the grant application of someone who you think you know. Can you be objective? 4. A colleague seems to suggest they are not spending their grant income on the research as intended 5. Being accused of copying someone’s idea 6. Pressure from funders to highlight/suppress certain research findings 7. A colleague publishes a paper based on research and data from the Department of Work and Pensions without receiving authorization Group Discussions:

Questions and ideas to share t/training/personal-development/academic-staff/