ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF ALTERNATIVE SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING MODELS - THE HOUGHTON REPORT (JANUARY 2009) RSP CONFERENCE, 29 MAY 2009 Charles Oppenheim Loughborough.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Alma Swan OASIS (Open Access Scholarly Information Sourcebook)
Advertisements

Partnering with Faculty / researchers to Enhance Scholarly Communication Caroline Mutwiri.
Proving its worth... University of Leeds Bill Hubbard 29 November 2007.
Institutional repositories and SHERPA Stephen Pinfield University of Nottingham.
Creating Institutional Repositories Stephen Pinfield.
Open Access - Implications for research funding, management and assessment ARMA Conference 9 th June 2010 Bill Hubbard Centre for Research Communications.
The Cost of Open Access? RCS Workshop Conference Aston 23rd July 2010 Bill Hubbard Centre for Research Communications University of Nottingham.
Enlighten: Glasgows Universitys online institutional repository Morag Greig University Library.
Advocacy and IPR tutorial Morag Greig Advocacy Manager: Enlighten Glasgow University Library Open Scholarship th October, 2006, Glasgow.
Economic impacts of Open Access: Implications from studies in Europe and US John Houghton Centre for Strategic Economic Studies Victoria University, Australia.
Throwing Open the Doors: Strategies and Implications for Open Access Heather Joseph Executive Director, SPARC October 23, 2009 Educause Live 1.
Presented By- District Statistical Officer, Kuruksheta Department Of Economic & Statistical Analysis, Haryana.
Role of librarians in the development of Institutional Repositories Susan Ashworth University of Glasgow.
The Economics of Scholarly Communications Michael Jubb Director Research Information Network UKSG Conference Torquay March 2009.
Supporting education and research Open Access in the UK Neil Jacobs, JISC, UK.
Using iSIKHNAS for Budget Advocacy 3.5 Cost-benefit analysis.
Open Access to Research in the United Kingdom Organic.Edunet Conference, Budapest Jackie Wickham Open Access Adviser Centre for Research Communications.
Scholarly communication costs and benefits : the role of repositories John Houghton Centre for Strategic Economic Studies Victoria University, Melbourne.
Queensland University of Technology CRICOS No J How can a Repository Contribute to University Success? APSR - The Successful Repository June 29,
Gaining Momentum for Open Access Bas Savenije, Director General KB Tartu, Open Access Week 2011, 28 October 2011.
HOW TO PAY FOR OPEN ACCESS Frederick Friend JISC Scholarly Communication Consultant Honorary Director Scholarly Communication UCL
Survival in Uncertain Times Library Materials Costs Exploding Lois Schultz April 22, 2003.
Alternative publishing models: Exploring costs AND benefits John Houghton Centre for Strategic Economic Studies Victoria University, Melbourne
Measuring the impacts of open access to publicly funded research and data John Houghton Centre for Strategic Economic Studies Victoria University, Australia.
UCL LIBRARY SERVICES Opening up Research Content in the NHS: Open Access and the Finch report Dr Paul Ayris Director of UCL Library Services and UCL Copyright.
Appropriate coverage of scholarly publishing in the social sciences and humanities Gunnar Sivertsen Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research.
Feasibility of Open Access for journals supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) ElPub 2007, Vienna University.
UCSF Library and The Center for Knowledge Management November 2005 THE COST OF SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION Karen Butter University Librarian Presentation to.
ARC Update for CAUL 20 March 2015 Professor Aidan Byrne CEO, Australian Research Council.
Economic Implications of Alternative publishing models: Exploring costs AND benefits John Houghton Centre for Strategic Economic Studies Victoria University,
Management, marketing and population of repositories Morag Greig, University of Glasgow.
Alma Swan Key Perspectives Ltd Truro, UK SPARC Digital Repositories Conference, Baltimore, 7-10 November 2010.
Open Access Ayesha Abed Library BRAC University October 30, 2011.
UCSF Library and Center for Knowledge Management University of California, San Francisco October 2004 Scholarly Communication – Impact on Libraries.
DAEDALUS Project William J Nixon Service Development Susan Ashworth Advocacy.
Personalization features to accelerate research Presented by: Armond DiRado Account Development Manager
Alma Swan Key Perspectives Ltd Truro, UK SCONUL Annual Conference, Leeds, UK, June 2010.
26 June 2002JISC CNI Conference SPARC Open Access to Scholarship New Solutions.
Does a green or golden route to OA make any difference to … Institutional evaluation and assessment of researchers … ? Gunnar Sivertsen Norwegian Institute.
Alma Swan Key Perspectives Ltd Truro, UK. The scene in the first decade of the new millennium  Technologies racing along (ahead / away)  EU targets.
Crossing Methodological Borders to Develop and Implement an Approach for Determining the Value of Energy Efficiency R&D Programs Presented at the American.
15/06/2012 slide 1 OA and Research Information Josh Brown Programme Manager for Research Information Management and Scholarly Communications.
Implications of alternative open access publishing models John Houghton Centre for Strategic Economic Studies Victoria University, Australia
Publishing Trends: Open the University of Florida Presentation to IDS 3931: Discovering Research and Communicating Science October 21, 2010.
The access to information divide: Breaking down barriers Bas Savenije Director General KB, National Library of the Netherlands Stellenbosch Symposium /
DAEDALUS Project: Building Institutional Repositories for Glasgow William J Nixon Service Development Morag Mackie Advocacy.
The ‘whys’ of Open Access: efficiency and impact
Alma Swan OASIS (Open Access Scholarly Information Sourcebook) and Key Perspectives Ltd, Truro, UK Berlin 8 Open Access conference, Beijing, China, 25/26.
A Publisher’s Perspective on Academic Publishing in the Digital Era Dr Frances Pinter
Alma Swan OASIS (Open Access Scholarly Information Sourcebook)
Introducing customer experience Liam Earney Managing the total cost of publication.
Scholarly Communication in a Knowledge-Based Economy John Houghton Centre for Strategic Economic Studies Victoria University, Melbourne
 A Primer for Higher Education in disseminating Management Research Data Arnold Mwanzu Rodney Malesi.
MODULE 3 - Exploring the Open Access landscape: how to make use of OA.
Alma Swan Key Perspectives Ltd 4 th Portuguese Conference on Open Access to Knowledge, Braga, 25/26 November 2010.
| 1 Commercial Scholarly publishing In the world of open access Derk Haank Edinburgh CEO Springer 11 April 2005 Science+ business media.
Cardiff ePrints Caerdydd: from Vision to Reality Anne Bell
Developing NORA in NERC Steve Prince –
Open access- a funders perspective (or “What we want from institutions”) CRC/RLUK/ARMA/SCONUL meeting 27 th January 2011 Robert Kiley, Head Digital Services,
Enabling Open Scholarship The Open Access advantage Alma Swan Convenor Enabling Open Scholarship Open Access, Open Data: Cologne, Germany, 13/14 December.
What do recent studies tell funders and institutions about the costs and benefits for them? John Houghton Centre for Strategic Economic Studies Victoria.
Using Open Access Publishing for the Effective Dissemination of African Research PKP PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE PROJECT Ensuring a Journal’s Economic Sustainability,
Alma Swan Key Perspectives Ltd Truro, UK.  John Houghton and colleagues (2009)  Identified the activities in the scholarly communication system  Attached.
Digital Commons digitalcommons.unl.edu. Digital Commons is: an “institutional repository” (IR) a resource for scholarly communication an opportunity for.
Repositories in a post-Finch world: the view from Oxford Sally Rumsey The Bodleian Libraries University of Oxford.
Open Access and the ESRC New directions in scholarly communications in the social sciences.
Publications: Impact of Open Access (OA) on Societies that publish scientific journals Chris Holcroft, Chief Executive RMetS.
UCF Libraries - Scholarly Communication Lily Flick & Sarah Norris June 9, 2016 Using SHERPA RoMEO: Finding policies for self-archiving articles.
Alma Swan Key Perspectives Ltd Truro, UK Repositories Support Project: Open Access – the impact for libraries and librarians 10 December 2010, London,
Open access in REF – Planning Workshop
Presentation transcript:

ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF ALTERNATIVE SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING MODELS - THE HOUGHTON REPORT (JANUARY 2009) RSP CONFERENCE, 29 MAY 2009 Charles Oppenheim Loughborough University

Written by John Houghton, an Australian economist, myself and others. Looks at the costs and benefits of scholarly publishing Found using not particularly sophisticated modelling that massive savings - £100 million p.a. – could be achieved by going OA, and that UK plc would reap similar benefits Cost savings include quicker searching, less negotiation with publishers over Big Deals, etc. – not just library budgets but throughout the scholarly communication chain It’s on the Loboro IR, of course! Also available at John Houghton’s web site (see later) and at: economicoa.pdf

At the moment, the report represents the last word on economic costs and benefits of OA

Implications of alternative publishing models (JISC EI-ASPM Project)  The aim of the project was to explore the institutional, budgetary and wider implications of the major models for scholarly publishing (i.e. subscription publishing, OA publishing and self-archiving).  Phase I sought to describe the publishing models, and identify all the costs and potential benefits involved.  Phase II sought to quantify as many of the costs and benefits as possible, and to compare costs and benefits. Centre for Strategic Economic Studies

Activities and data items (costs) (JISC EI-ASPM Model) Centre for Strategic Economic Studies  We created a series of spreadsheets containing each of the elements identified in a process model, then sought to populate the model with cost data.  The research funding activities worksheet has more than 350 items;  The perform research worksheet has around 565 items;  The publisher activities worksheet has around 670 items; and  The dissemination activities worksheet, mainly research library activities, has around 730 items.  So there are around 2,300 activity items that are costed and another 550 or so basic data items (e.g. the number of researchers and publications, R&D spending, etc.).

Scholarly communication process model Centre for Strategic Economic Studies

UK national scholarly publishing (Annual costs in GBP, circa 2007) Centre for Strategic Economic Studies

Phase II: Quantifying costs and benefits (JISC EI-ASPM Project)  We adopted a staged approach to Phase II that tackles it from the bottom-up (as case studies and scenarios) and the top- down (in a simple economic model):  We explore the costs of the process elements and system costs, to see cost differences and direct savings.  We present cases and scenarios exploring the cost savings resulting from the alternative publishing models throughout the system, to see the indirect cost differences and savings.  Then we model the impact of changes in accessibility and efficiency on returns to R&D. Centre for Strategic Economic Studies

An approach to overall impacts (A modified Solow-Swan model)  There is a vast literature on returns to R&D, which while varied shows that social returns to publicly funded R&D are high – typically 20% to 60% a year.  The standard approach assumes that all R&D generates useful knowledge (efficiency) and all knowledge is equally accessible (accessibility), which is unrealistic.  We introduce ‘accessibility’ and ‘efficiency’ into the standard model as negative or friction variables, and look at the impact of reducing the friction by increasing access and efficiency. Centre for Strategic Economic Studies

Estimating potential impacts (Publicly funded research in the UK)  With public sector R&D spending at ₤8.4 billion a year in 2006 and a 20% return to R&D, a 5% increase in accessibility and efficiency would be worth ₤172 million pa.  With higher education R&D spending at ₤6.1 billion, a 5% increase in accessibility and efficiency would be worth ₤124 million pa.  With RCUK competitive grants funding at ₤1.6 billion, a 5% increase in accessibility and efficiency would be worth ₤33 million pa.  These are recurring annual gains from one year’s R&D expenditure. Centre for Strategic Economic Studies

Comparing cost and benefits (JISC EI-ASPM Project)  It is not possible to compare directly toll and OA publishing at the national level: toll access publishing seeks to provide UK subscribers with access to worldwide research, whereas OA publishing seeks to provide worldwide access to UK research.  We approach it from both sides and try to explore the lower and upper bounds by looking at:  the implications of simply adding OA publishing and self-archiving to current activities, all other things remaining the same; and  the implications of OA publishing and self-archiving as alternatives to current activities Centre for Strategic Economic Studies

Conclusions  System cost savings may be sufficient to cover the costs of OA publishing or self-archiving, so it should be possible to meet the costs of alternative OA publishing models from within current budgetary allocations.  The increase in returns to R&D resulting from more Open Access may also be sufficient to cover costs, so when the cost savings and additional returns are added together the benefits of alternative OA publishing models are likely to substantially exceed the costs. Centre for Strategic Economic Studies

Project website containing:  The full JISC report and summary documents.  The scholarly communication process model.  An on-line cost-benefit model with simplified versions of the models for journal and book publishing, OA publishing and self-archiving, research and library handling costs. Centre for Strategic Economic Studies

UK PUBLISHER REACTIONS TO HOUGHTON REPORT In a word, furious! They prepared a document with arguments why the methods and results are flawed John Houghton and I drafted a rebuttal which was issued by JISC – see cations/responseoneiaspmreport.pdf cations/responseoneiaspmreport.pdf

UPDATE ON LOBORO IR AND MANDATES Loughborough University’s Mandate Policy was approved by its Senate a few months ago It starts October 2009 It already has an Institutional Repository

FACTS AND FIGURES ON LOBORO’S IR Departments with the most submissions Design and Technology [654 items] Mathematical Sciences [347 items] Ergonomics and Safety Research [293 items] Civil and Building Engineering [251 items] Growth of Faculty collections in the IR over the last year: Engineering = 745 (May 2008 = 133) SS&H = 1299 (May 2008 = 1075) Science = 1351 (May 2008 = 1129) Downloads since October 2008: Of the 3967 items in the repository, 3544 have been downloaded at least once, 3243 have been downloaded at least ten times, 154 have been downloaded at least one hundred times, and one item has been downloaded over a thousand times since October 2008.

THE MOST DOWNLOADED ITEM…. A report by Nicola Wilkinson entitled “software architecture” which is about building the architecture for a program that helps peer assessment of student group projects. Full text has been downloaded 1600 times (mid May 2009)