Igneous Rock.

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Presentation transcript:

Igneous Rock

How Are Igneous Rocks Classified? Igneous rocks are classified according to composition & texture

Composition the minerals of which the rock is formed. Felsic Mafic light-colored, high silica, low iron minerals. Mafic dark-colored, low silica, high iron & magnesium minerals

What’s the Composition? mafic felsic

Texture the size, shape, arrangement and distribution of the minerals that make up the rock. Glassy the materials are not organized into crystals. a. Smooth b. Vesicular- contain gas bubble holes (aka: porous, frothy) Fine – grained Has interlocking mineral crystals. Crystals are small; need microscope to see them. Coarse – grained Interlocking mineral crystals are all approximately the same size. Crystals are large enough to see with the unaided eye. Porphyritic large crystals are scattered on a background of small Crystals.

Name That Texture! porphrytic Coarse-grained Fine-grained Glassy; frothy; vesicular Glassy; smooth

Types of Igneous Rock Extrusive igneous rock Intrusive igneous rock Is formed of lava ( molten rock that reaches the surface of the earth). Also known as volcanic rock. Rapid cooling Fine-grained & glassy textures Intrusive igneous rock Is formed when magma pushes up into pre-existing rock and hardens. (underground) Also known as plutonic rock. Slow cooling Coarse-grained texture

Uniformitarianism James Hutton Scottish geologist Described the formation of the features on Earth Uniformitarianism – states that the processes acting on Earth’s surface today, are the same processes that have been acting on the surface since Earth’s beginning. “the present is the key to the past”

Name That Rock! Felsic granite rhyolite obsidian pumice Mafic gabbro Igneous Rocks intrusive Coarse grained extrusive Fine grained Glassy/ smooth frothy Felsic granite rhyolite obsidian pumice Mafic gabbro basalt basalt glass scoria

What Are Igneous Rocks Used For? Throughout history, igneous rocks have been used for: Building materials Statues Fortresses Paving streets (cobblestones) Curbs Countertops Floors Tools Abrasives for cleaning & polishing –pumice Cutting tools & arrowheads - obsidian