5.1 Where Are English-Speakers Distributed? Briana Hurta

Vocab Language- system of communication through speech, collection of sounds that a group of people understand to have the same meaning Literary tradition- the way you write your language Official Language- designated by a country and 1 language used for laws, reports, and public objections Dialect-how a language varies through vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation throughout different regions Standard Language-a dialect that is recognizable and used for government, business, education, and mass communication British Received Pronunciation (BRP)-a certain dialect of English is usually used by upper class in Britain living in the London area and is the standard form of British speech and is commonly used by politicians, broadcasters, and actors Isogloss-word usage boundary

Origin of English English derived from 3 Germanic Tribes 1.)Jutes- who emigrated from North Denmark and immigrated to South Britain by Thames River 2.)Angles- Who emigrated from South Denmark and immigrated to middle Britian by the Humber River and the Wash 3.)Saxons- Who emigrated from NorthWest Germany and immigrated to Middle Britian and the Isle Wight

Origin of English Continued In 1066 William of Normandy invaded Britain to become king with him he brought some of the Norman culture including the French language because of this we have fancy words like celestial, equestrian, masculine and feminine are now part of the English language

Diffusion of English English is spoken fluently by 1 ½ billion people around the world,more than any other language other than Mandarin Even though English isn’t the most spoken it is the most distributed and for this reason it is the primary language for the world

Dialects Dialects develop when speakers of a language migrate to a new place Different dialects spark curiousity in geographers because they reflect certain features of the enviroment that the speakers live in English has so many different dialects because the speakers are widely distributed

Dialects in England During the Norman invasion of 1066 French replaced English as the dominant language After the Norman invasion of major regional dialects became apparent 1.)Northern2.)East Midland 3.)West Midland4.)South Western 5.)South Eastern or Kentish These dialects became apparent because during the Norman invasion of 1066 everyone was isolated so when they started communicating everyone had a different dialect

Differences in U.S dialect and England’s dialect 1)Vocabulary 2)Spelling 3)Pronunciation These differences in vocabulary occur because the settlers in America discovered new objects and experiences so they had to give them different names The differences in spelling are because the U.S wanted an independent identity so they eliminated the “u” from words like “honour” and they substituted “s” for “c” in words like “defence” The differences in pronunciation are because the U.S pronuonces unaccented syllables with more clarity

Dialect in the U.S Dialect in the U.S changed depending on where they were The 3 areas where the 1 st migrants settled in the U.S were 1.)New England-these people were Puritans from East Anglia in South East England 2.)Middle Atlantic-these people were Quakers from North England or were Scotts,Irish,German,Dutch or Swedish 3.)South Eastern- these people came fromSouth East England The dialect in the Mid Atlantic colonies had the most unique dialect out of all three areas of settlement this was because they had immigrants coming from so many more places

Dialect in the U.S Continued The U.S has 2 isogloss -North boundary-that went along PA border -South boundary- that went along the Appalachain Mountains These 2 isogloss separate the U.S into 3 different parts  Northern  Midland  Southern Language differences are greater in rural areas than in the cities the biggest word differences are in words that relate to rural life,food, and objects from daily activity