Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Mary J. Sariscsany, California State University Northridge DYNAMIC PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN R O B E R T P A N G R A Z I S I X T E E N T H E D I T I O N Chapter 17 Manipulative Skills

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills  Use of implement with hands, feet or other body parts  Develop hand-eye, foot-eye coordination, and dexterity  Develop manipulative skills in different settings  Examples: Balloons, hoops, wands, beanbags, balls of various types, tug-of-war ropes, Lummi sticks, Frisbees, and scoops

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills  Basic to a number of specialized sports skills  Catching  Throwing  Striking  Kicking  Complex motor patterns  Should be practiced at normal speed

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills—Throwing Stage One  Ages 2 to 3  Arm movement only from rear to front of body  Feet remain stationary at shoulder width apart  Little or no trunk rotation  Flex hips, move shoulder forward and extend at elbow

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills—Throwing

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills—Throwing Stage Two  Ages 3 to 5  Some rotary motion in attempt to increase force  Lateral fling of arm with rotation in trunk  Imitation of discuss throw instead of baseball throw

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills—Throwing  Throwing form, stage two

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills—Throwing Stage Three  Ages 5 to 6  Body still facing target, feet parallel, body erect  Lateral foot step  Rotation and shifting of body with step  Many do not progress beyond this stage

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills—Throwing Stage Four  Mature form of throwing  Contralateral step (opposition)  Develops maximum body torque  Target addressed with non-throwing side  Step, turn, throw  Lead with elbow, forearm, extension, snap wrist

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills—Throwing  Throwing pattern, stage four

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills—Throwing Stress Points  Stand with non-throwing side of body toward target  Step toward target with contralateral foot  Rotate hips as the throwing arm moves forward  Bend and lead with elbow  Weight shift from rear to front foot

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills—Catching Stage One  Both arms in front, elbows extended, palms up  Elbows bent at contact to bring ball into body  Trapping motion  Head is turned away and eyes are closed

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.  Catching form, stage one Manipulative Skills—Catching

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills—Catching Stage Two  Arms in front, elbows extended, palms up  Elbows bent at contact to bring ball into body  Trapping motion  Head is turned away and eyes are closed  Anticipatory movement is made toward the ball

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills—Catching Stage Three  Preparation  Lifting arms and bending slightly  Chest is used as a backstop for the ball  Contact is made with the hands first  Object is guided to the chest

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills—Catching  Catching form, stage three

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills—Catching Stage Four  Final stage  Age 9 years  Catching with the hands  Giving with the arms (absorbing force)  Legs bend and feet move with anticipation of the catch

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills—Catching Stress Points  Maintain visual contact with projectile  Reach for projectile  Place feet in stride rather than straddle position  Body in line with object, rather than to side

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills—Kicking Stage One  Stationary body  Kicking foot flexed in preparation for kick  Kicking motion carried out w/single straight leg and little knee bend  Little arm and trunk movement  Complete focus on ball

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills—Kicking Stage Two  Kicking foot lifted backwards, flexed at knee  Opposition of limbs  When kicking leg moves forward, opposite arm moves forward  More follow through of the leg

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills—Kicking Stage Three  Movement toward object is included  Increase in distance leg is moved  Movement of upper body to counterbalance leg movement

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills—Kicking Stage Four  Preparatory extension of hip to increase ROM  Run to ball and small leap to get kicking leg into position  As kick is carried forward, trunk leans backward  Small step forward on support foot to regain balance

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills—Kicking  Kicking a soccer ball, stage four

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills—Kicking Stress Points  Move leg backward in preparation for kick  Arms should move in opposition to legs  Step forward with non-kicking leg  Stand slightly to side of ball  Eyes kept on ball for duration of kick

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills—Striking Stage One  Feet stationary, trunk faces object to be struck  Elbows fully flexed, force generated by extending flexed joints  Little body force generated, no trunk rotation  Force comes from arms and wrists

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills—Striking Stage Two  Upper body begins to generate force  Trunk turned to side in anticipation of the ball  Weight shifts from rear to front foot  Trunk and hips rotate into ball

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills—Striking Stage Three  Standing sideways to path of oncoming object  Arms extend in a long and horizontal arc  Swing through full range of motion  Sequential transfer of weight from rear to front plane of body

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills—Striking Stress Points  Track ball as soon as possible until hit  Grip the bat with the hands together  Keep elbows away from body  Swing bat in a horizontal plane (do not chop with bat)

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skill Activities  Manipulative skills are basic to many games  Instructional activities progress from easiest to most difficult  Skills can be reinforced and enhanced through games that students create  Creative games can be designed for individuals, partners or small groups

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills Activities with balloons and beach balls  Emphasize hand-eye coordination  Success for less skilled learners  Balloons and beach balls are slower and predictable

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills Activities with balloons and beach balls (continued)  Instructional cues  Catch and control with fingertips  Keep your eyes on the object  Move body into the path of the object  Reach, catch, and move the object to the body

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills Activities with beanbags  All parts of the body can be used  Beanbags lead to catching with the hands  With older youngsters in challenging activities  Instructional cues  Stress soft receipt of beanbag by giving with hands, arms, and legs  Keep eyes on the beanbag when catching  Toss slightly above eye level

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills  Split-vision drill for beanbags

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills Activities with balls  Handling balls without other equipment  Hand-eye skills  Throwing, catching, bouncing, and dribbling  Foot-eye skills  Kicking, trapping, and dribbling  Instructional cues  Keep your eyes on the ball  Catch and dribble ball with pads of the fingers  Use opposition and weight transfer

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills Juggling  Novel task that is exciting  Challenging and demands practice  Begin with scarves and move to balls  Children move at own pace with ample practice  Examples  Cascading  Reverse cascading  Column  Showering

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills Activities with scoops and balls  Scoops can be purchased or made  Excellent for practicing catching and tossing skills  Examples  Individual activities  Partner activities  Games and relays

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills Bowling activities  Younger children practice informal rolling  Begin with two-handed rolling, progress to one- hand  Activities  Begin with two hand roll between legs  Roll ball first with right, then with left  Practice putting different spins on ball

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills Activities with wands  Can be bought or made  Rubber crutch tips may decrease noise  One meter (length) wands are recommended  Instructional procedures  Limit noise  Girls may perform better because of flexibility  Make sure students have self-space  Wands are not used as fencing foils

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills Activities with hoops  Standard hoop is 42 inches in diameter  Smaller hoops are desirable for Developmental Level I  Instructional procedures  Have students lay hoops down during instruction  Allow free exploration  Provide self-space  Hoops can serve as a “home” for activity  Hoops are good targets

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills Activities with jump ropes  Excellent form of conditioning all parts of the body  Increased popularity (Jump Rope for Heart)  Jump rope possibilities  Rope forming a straight line  Rope forming a circle  Rope forming various figures  Partner activity  Group activity  Long-rope jumping

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills  Suggested rope forms  Egg beater

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills  Correct jump rope length  Collecting the ropes

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills Footbag activities  Leather stitched bags two inches in diameter  Object is to keep bag in the air  Types of kicks  Inside  Outside  Back kick  Types of play  Individual  Partner  Group

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills Rhythmic gymnastics  Became popular in the 1970s  Many movement qualities:  Balance, poise, grace, flow  Types of equipment used: balls, jump ropes, hoops, ribbons, and clubs  Work with music  Excellent unit for developing group routines

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Manipulative Skills  Floor pattern for routing using balls  Rhythmic gymnastic movements using hoops