Changes of State Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma, Bose- Einstein Condensate

States of Matter

Plasma

States of matter The more energy applied, the more the molecules move apart.

Bose- Einstein, The New One! Bose- Einstein Condensate. Only found in a lab that is working on absolute zero. It is when it gets so cold that the atoms clump together creating super atoms!

Energy The amount of energy added to a substance determines what phase of matter it will be in. Heat is energy Cold is lack of energy Exothermic is energy being released. Endothermic is energy being taken in.

Endothermic A physical or chemical change where energy is absorbed. Melting is an endothermic reaction. It is taking in energy in order to melt. Vaporization is an endothermic reaction. It takes in energy in order to turn from a liquid to a vapor. Sublimation is an endothermic reaction. It takes in energy in order to turn from a solid to a gas.

Exothermic A physical or chemical change where energy is released or removed. Condensation is an exothermic reaction. It loses energy as it turns from a gas to a liquid. Freezing is an exothermic reaction. It loses energy in order to freeze.

Freezing and Melting Freezing- The change of state from a liquid to a solid. At its freezing temperature, the particles of a liquid are moving so slowly that they begin to form regular patterns. Melting – The change of state from a solid to a liquid.

Ch, Ch,Ch,Changes Vaporization is liquid turning to gas Condensation is gas turning to a liquid. Sublimation is a solid turning directly to a gas. Evaporation is liquid turning to a vapor at its surface when it is below its boiling point.

Evaporation vs. Boiling Evaporation is Vaporization that occurs at the surface of a liquid below its boiling point Boiling is vaporization that occurs throughout a liquid.

Temperature Measure of average kinetic energy of particles. Expressed in Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin. Does not vary with the mass of a substance.

What causes more Kinetic Energy? More energy makes particles move faster. The faster the molecules move, the more kinetic energy they have.

Thermal Energy Total energy of particles in a substance. Measured in Joules. Varies with mass and temperature of a substance. Of these 2 objects, which has more thermal energy? The ice sculpture or the bowl of soup?

Thermal Equilibrium When 2 objects come in contact, energy is transferred from the higher temperature object to the lower temperature object until both objects reach the same temperature.

Heat is the transfer of energy between objects that are at different temperatures.

Heat Transfer of energy between objects that are at different temperatures. Measured in Joules or Calories. Where will the energy transfer once Bart hits the water?

Heat and Temperature Change Specific Heat Capacity The amount of energy needed to change the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree kelvin. The unit for specific heat is Joules per kilogram- Kelvin or J/(kg.K). Materials with a high specific heat can absorb a great deal of thermal energy without a great change in temperature. Energy gained or lost by an object is due to mass, specific heat and change in temperature (a, c, d) Mass x specific heat x change in energy = thermal change in energy. Thermal Conductivity: The rate at which a substance conducts thermal energy. Calorie The amount of energy needed to change the temperature of.001 Kg (1 gram) of a substance 1 degree celsius.

Conduction, Convection, and Radiation Conduction The transfer of thermal energy from one particle of matter to another without the movement of matter. Convection Transfer of thermal energy by movement of a liquid or gas. Radiation Is the transfer of energy through matter or space as electromagnetic waves.

Conductor A conductor is a substance that conducts energy very well. Which would you rather wear in the winter, a coat made of furs and animal skin or a metal coat of arms? Why?

Insulator An insulator does not conduct energy very well, therefore it is good for keeping energy in or out of an object. It is not good if you want to conduct energy.

Conduction, convection or radiation?

Convection, conduction or radiation?

Convection, conduction, or radiation?

Conduction, Convection or Radiation?

Conduction, Convection, or Radiation?

Conduction, Convection, Radiation?