Urban Development Building Sustainable Communities

Rural vs Urban Rural: any area that has a settlement of people LESS than 1,000 people Urban: areas that have MORE than 1,000 people

Provide services for people Can support major teams, universities, cultural activities Sources of technological innovation Engines of economic growth Why are cities important?

Locational Factors of Cities Water Fertile Land Trade Routes Resources

Urbanization in the Developed World Increasing: Why?  Most people work in secondary & tertiary sectors of economy = in cities  Mechanization of agriculture = fewer jobs  Immigrants settle where jobs and ethnic communities available

Where do Canadians Live? Nearly 80% of Canadians live in urban areas

Largest Cities in Canada 1)Toronto 2)Montreal 3)Vancouver 4)Ottawa 5)Calgary 6)Edmonton 7)Quebec 8)Winnipeg 9)Hamilton 10)Kitchener-Waterloo

Settlement Hierarchy Hamlet: population less than 100, few services Village: population ranging from the hundreds to the thousands. Not have many services, maybe a church or a small shop or post office. Town: population of 1,000-20,000 City: population over 100,000

Goods & Services High Order High Order Good = a good you can only find in the big cities ex: Italian sports High Order Service = a service you can only find in the big cities ex: cancer treatment centre Low Order Low Order Good = a good that you can find anywhere, even in small towns Ex: milk Low Order Service = a service that you can find anywhere, even in small towns Ex: babysitting

Megalopolis: a chain of adjacent cities Census Metropolitan Area: formed by one or more adjacent municipalities centred on a population centre (known as the core). A CMA must have a total population of at least 100,000 of which 50,000 or more must live in the core.

Census Metropolitan Areas (CMA) Toronto is Canada`s largest CMA Can you identify 3 municipalities that are part of this?

What is a Zoning By-Law? A zoning by-law controls the use of land in your community. It states exactly: how land may be used where buildings / structures can be located the types of buildings that are permitted and how they may be used the lot sizes and dimensions, parking requirements, building heights and setbacks from the street.

Land Use Residential Transportation Commercial Industrial Open Space-Recreational Institutional

Land Use Breakdown

Residential – Low Density Single family homes

Residential – Medium Density Rowhouses, townhouses

Residential – Medium Density Low rise apartments

Residential – High Density Apartment buildings Toronto is second only to New York for the most buildings over 12 storeys in North America. Between the 1950s and 1980s, over 1,000 towers were built around the GTA

Toronto: High Density Increasing jkhkjhkj

Industrial Examples: factories, warehouses Factors for determining location -Type of the business e.g. resources needed to create product -Cost of land -Type of transportation:  located near water, rail, highways -Generation of smell, noise, pollution

Institutional Examples: school, university, hospital, church, mosque, police station, fire hall University College, UofT

Recreation/ Open Space Examples: parks, cemeteries, golf courses

Transportation Expressways and Roads Parking lots and garages Airport Transit right-of-way Rail lines Stations Docks

Commercial – Shopping Malls

Offices Central Business District (CBD) : the heart of downtown, tall office buildings

Major Problems with Cities Pollution Smog, garbage contaminated water Stress Always in a rush … Crime Gangs, gun violence, theft

High price of gas, insurance and car maintenance Traffic jams, stress, road rage Smog = breathing issues Costs of Commuting by Car