Management

Planning: planning is the process of setting realistic short-term and long- term goals for a business and deciding how to best achieve them. The long-term economic goal of any business is to maximize profits. Short- term goals are often expressed as a sales or income target. Managers must understand these goals and develop strategies to achieve them Leading: managers are leading when they focus employees on achieving objectives. Leadership involves activities such as leading teams and managing conflict and stress. Managers spend substantial amounts of time motivating people to excellence, communicating effectively, and encouraging staff. A skillful manager discovers how to best motivate each employee, and uses these motivating factors to increase employee productivity. A good leader communicates directions, urgency, corporate values, plans, and goals clearly and effectively B. How many management functions

Organizing: organizing involves arranging people and tasks to carry out the business's plans. Each department within a company has its own manager, who is responsible for organizing the department. That manager determines tasks and duties for the department and establishes relationships with other departments to help achieve the company's goals. The manager hires the employees and also writes job descriptions for each member of the department so each employee is aware of his or her role. Many companies are organized into three levels or management: upper management, which sets long-term company goals; middle management, which interprets plans from upper management and puts them into action; and lower-level management, which implements plans from above Controlling: controlling is the method managers use to increase, maintain, or decrease the resources they are allocated. Activities involved in controlling include employee discipline, performance appraisals, and budgeting. The budgeting process is a very important means of control as the budget can be cut if a department fails to reach it’s goals, increased if departmental goals are exceeded or left the same if targets are reached by the department

Purchasing manager:Purchasing managers negotiate deals for the supply and delivery of raw materials, equipment, supplies, and goods for resale. They also arrange for inventory to arrive when its needed Production manager:Production managers ensure that the business makes the things its supposed to make. They balance many activities, from arranging for raw materials to be processed into a finished product to packaging and storing that final product. They often have to arrange plant maintenance, shift scheduling, machinery repair, and technological improvements Marketing and distribution manager:Marketing and distribution managers try to ensure that what the company produces gets sold. The marketing manager develops sales strategies, which include advertising, promotional activities and publicity. The distribution manager (who is often the marketing manager as well) focusses on sales, often attempting to improve product distribution through direct sales efforts (sales representatives) or indirect ones (vending machines, catalogues, and Internet sales), D. Managing resources

Research and development manager:Research and development departments create new products or services, or come up with new and better ways to produce the same products or services. Their work is sometimes based on feedback from the marketplace obtained through consumer studies of existing products or of what new products they would like to see. The R&D managers analyze and interpret the market data and give direction to their department. They also prepare reports that help the purchasing, production and marketing managers make decisions for their departments Finance manager:comptrollers manage the financial department and are often accountants. Their major responsibilities are keeping records of the company’s financial transactions and controlling the company’s money, which includes setting the budget of each department along with the department manager.

Research and development: research and development department will need to conduct research studies about the existing products are/or about new products the market is interested Purchasing: purchasing manager will need to negotiate deals for the supply and delivery of the raw materials for the cookie Marketing and distribution: sales and distribution strategies will vary Production: the production manager will need to oversee the production of the final product E. Expanding the market