The Changing Landscape of Scholarly Communication & the Role of an Institutional Repository Marilyn Billings Scholarly Communications Librarian W.E.B. Du Bois Library

November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings2 Today’s Outline Introduction & Some Background Recent Trends & Charting New Territory Working with Faculty – New Roles Institutional Repositories Digital Publishing Q&A and Discussion

November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings3 Scholarly Communication: a Bit of Background Traditional modes Journals in the sciences Monographs in the humanities “Crisis” of 1990s Spiraling publishing costs, especially journals Increasing volume of materials available in digital form Lack of access

AuthorsReaders JournalsArticles Publisher $ $ $ $ gift economy “payment” comes from other system/s (P&T, grants, prestige, etc.) From Lee Van Orsdel’s “Economics” ACRL SchCom 101

From Lee Van Orsdel’s “Basics” ACRL SchCom 101 Publisher Academic Library Editor Peer Reviewers cost budget old thinking Scholarly Publishing Serials Crisis

November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings6 Scholarly Communication: Trends Scholarly communication paradigm shift Increasing amounts of research and scholarship in digital form Need to collect and preserve this material

Publisher editor Peer Review Academic Library cost budget Scholarly Communications System Scholarly Communications System Serials Crisis copyrights grants university taxpayers rewards new business models OA mandates open access * * * * * From Lee Van Orsdel’s “Basics” ACRL SchCom 101

November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings8 Exploration of New Models Opportunities Visibility and citation impact factor Use, re-use, and re-purposing of scholarly materials, all at no cost to end user Digitally archive work with permanent url Wide variety of content and formats

November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings9 Exploration of New Models Challenges Perception of faculty members What value is there in publishing in open access journals? Impact on tenure and promotion? Potential problems with author pays financial model? Copyright issues? Who owns the copyright to works published in an open access journal? What can a faculty member do to preserve the right to post a previously published work to an open access journal?

November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings10 Exploration of New Models Scholarly Communication Open access journals Journals available at no cost to end user May or not be refereed Typically available in electronic format Institutional digital repositories Unified open access to and preservation of the electronic collections of works of members of the institution’s community

November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings11 Exploration of New Models Action Steps for Faculty From Create Change website 1. Manage copyright / retain author rights 2. Select journals and publishers with open access-friendly policies 3. Prefer open access grant agencies when seeking funding 4. Self-archive in local IR or subject repository How are faculty going to address these new roles?

November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings12 1.Manage Copyright Retain Author Rights Reproduction Distribution Public performance Modification of original work Modify publisher contracts SPARC Authors Addendum Creative Commons licenses

November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings13 2. Publish in Journals With Open Access-friendly Policies Determine open access journals in your field Investigate current publisher policies Sherpa / RoMEO website Publisher websites Faculty roles Author Editor / Editorial board / Peer reviewer

November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings14 3. Open-Access Granting Agencies National Science Foundation b00106.htm National Institutes of Health Wellcome Trust FRPAA (Federal Research Public Access Act) and its impact

November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings15 4. Self-archiving Institutional Digital Repositories Directory of Open Access Repositories My example - UMass Amherst Disciplinary Repositories arXiv.org RePEc Other examples

November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings16 Why do this? Proactive response to scholarly communication and open access issues Showcase for scholars and institution Ease of use by faculty and researchers Long-term preservation, persistent urls Wide dissemination of intellectual output More frequent citations

November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings17 Online or Invisible? Steve Lawrence, Nature 2001, Vol. 411p.253

November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings18 Institutional Repository: Classic Definitions “a set of services that a university offers to the members of its community for the management and dissemination of digital materials created by the institution and its community members.” - Clifford Lynch, ARL Bimonthly Report 226, Feb “digital collections that capture and preserve the intellectual output of university communities” - Ryam Crowe, Case for Institutional Repositories, SPARC, 2002

November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings19 Core Services Material submission, ingest Metadata application Access control Data management Dissemination of content Preservation, durability, storage

November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings20 SPARC’s definition Institutionally defined Scholarly Cumulative and perpetual Centralized management Open and interoperable (OAI-compliant)

November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings21 Use of IRs Rieh, Soo Young, et al. “Census of Institutional Repositories in the U.S.: A Comparison Across the Institutions at Different Stages of IR Development.” D-Lib Magazine 13, no. 11/12 (2007) Leaders: Who bears the responsibility for IR planning, pilot-testing, and implementation? Funding: From where does IR funding come? Content: What types of document are in IRs, and which content recruitment methods are most popular? Contributors: Who contributes to IRs? Systems: Which IR systems are most prevalent?

November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings22 Leaders “In general, librarians lead the IR effort in all stages of IR development.” Library role as steward of scholarship Collection development expertise Liaison role with faculty Center of expertise on metadata Commitment to long-term preservation Complementarity of repository and licensed digital materials

November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings23 Funding Wide variety of responses, many informal Special initiative supported by the library Costs absorbed in routine library operating costs Regular budget line item for your institution's library Grant awarded by an external source Special initiative supported by your institution's central administration Special initiative supported by your institution's archives

November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings24 Content Research materials Doctoral dissertations, theses, honors projects Working papers, journal articles, raw data files Teaching materials Learning objects Preprints Audio and video materials E portfolios

November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings25 Content recruitment strategies Working one-on-one with early adopters Word-of-mouth from early adopters to their colleagues Mandating deposit of dissertations, theses, honors projects Mandating deposit of research results from internal institutional grants

November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings26 Contributors Faculty and researchers Graduate and Honors students Archivists and Librarians University Press Academic Offices Office of Research Office of Outreach, Cooperative Extension

Marilyn S BillingsNELA 2009, October 1927

Marilyn S BillingsNELA 2009, October 1928

Marilyn S BillingsNELA 2009, October 1929

What is the Value Proposition? Delivering Repository Services? Integrating into emerging services content from diverse collections? Negotiating rights environment and building consensus? Providing Publishing Services? Building and sustaining new relationships? November 18, Academic Libraries / M Billings

New Roles and Partnerships! Transition to digital collections Highlighting what is unique, but of value to other scholars and making it accessible Utilize existing skills in organizing, and providing access Enhancing the value of the library by contributing to the mission of the institution Value to institution, and to the wider scholarly community November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings33

Partnerships - Old and New Academic Computing Continuing Education and Outreach Faculty Graduate School Office of Research Students Center for Teaching or Faculty Development November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings34

Made free to use or share, and in some cases, to change and share again, made possible through licensing Both teachers and learners can share what they know Part of Teaching Commons November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings35 Open Educational Resources

Marilyn S BillingsNELA 2009, October 1936 OER Subjects Arts Business Humanities Math and Statistics Science and Technology Social Sciences

Marilyn S BillingsNELA 2009, October 1937 OER Content Types Activities Games Homework assignments Lecture notes and plans Readings Simulations Textbooks

November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings50 Digital Publishing Selected Bibliography ARL Bimonthly Report, no.252/253 Ithaca Report (shortened title) publishing Kennan, Mary Anne and Karlheinz Kautz. Scholarly Publishing and Open Access: Searching for Understanding of an Emerging Phenomenon

51 Scholarly Communication Selected Bibliography ARL New Model Publications Create Change Scholarly Communication Toolkit /scholarlycommunicationtoolkit/toolkit.htm /scholarlycommunicationtoolkit/toolkit.htm Scholarly Publishing & Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC) November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings

52 Citation Impact Factor articles Antelman, Kristin. “Do Open-Access Articles Have a Greater Research Impact” Eysenbach, Gunther. “Citation Advantage of Open Access Articles” -document&doi= /journal.pbio &ct=1 -document&doi= /journal.pbio &ct=1 Lawrence, Steve. “Free online availability substantially increases a paper's impact”. Nature 411, 521 (31 May 2001) November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings

53 Institutional Repository Selected Bibliography Bailey, Charles W. Institutional Repositories, Tout de Suite EDUCAUSE Resource Center on IRs Repositories Repositories Gibbons, Susan. Establishing an Institutional Repository /Collection /Collection-2193 OpenDOAR SPARC Repository Resources November 18, 2009Academic Libraries / M Billings

Library as Publishing Agent Selected Bibliography Borgman, Christine L Scholarship in the Digital Age: Information, Infrastructure, and the Internet. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Brown, Laura, Rebecca Griffiths, and Matthew Rascoff. University Publishing in a Digital Age. New York: Ithaka, Brown, Laura, Rebecca Griffiths, and Matthew Rascoff. University Publishing in a Digital Age. New York: Ithaka, Candee, Catherine H., and Lynne Withey “The University of California as Publisher.” ARL: A Bimonthly Report, no. 252/ Crow, Raym “Campus-based Publishing Partnerships: a Guide to Critical Issues”. November 18, Academic Libraries / M Billings

Library as Publishing Agent Selected Bibliography (continued) Hahn, Karla “Research Library Publishing Services: New Options for University Publishing” services.pdf services.pdf Johnson, Richard K., and Judy Luther “The E- only Tipping Point for Journals: What’s Ahead in the Print-to-Electronic Zone”. Royster, Paul “Publishing Original Content in an Institutional Repository”. Smith, Abby “The Research Library in the 21st Century: Collecting, Preserving, and Making Accessible Resources for Scholarship.” In No Brief Candle: Reconceiving Research Libraries for the 21st Century. Washington, D.C.: Council on Library and Information Resources.

Open Educational Resources OER Commons: Flat World Knowledge CITE : a blog on Course materials, Innovation, and Technology in Education Make Textbooks Affordable The Community College Consortium for Open Educational Resources November 18, Academic Libraries / M Billings

Thank you Contact information: Marilyn Billings Scholarly Communication Librarian University Libraries University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA November 18, Academic Libraries / M Billings