PASS Community News June 2015

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West Valley SQL Server Users Group Learn about Microsoft SQL Server and the BI Stack

SQL Server – Overview What is SQL Server - Database product by Microsoft Today we ill be giving an overview of these components: Database Engine (Administration & Development) Integration Services Analysis Services Reporting Services 7

SQL Server Database Engine Overview Tonight we will… Walk through an RDBMS system (Tables, columns, entities, relationships) Discuss what an OLTP system is Discuss administering and developing for SQL server **Examples from Adventure Works 2014** 8

Data is stored in tables Tables Store data in a tabular (column and row) format Tables represent logical Entities, such as a person or an address Person Table Address Table 9 FirstNameMiddleNameLastNameModifiedDate KenJSánchez :00: TerriLeeDuffy :00: RobertoNULLTamburello :00: RobNULLWalters :00: GailAErickson :00: AddressLine1AddressLine2CityStateProvinceIDPostalCodeModifiedDate 1970 Napa Ct.NULLBothell :00: Mt. Dias Blv.NULLBothell :00: Roundtree DriveNULLBothell :00: Glenside DrNULLBothell :00: Shoe St.NULLBothell :00:00.000

Primary Key Field or fields that uniquely identify a row in a table Should they be meaningful or meaningless? Opinions vary 10 AddressIDAddressLine1AddressLine2CityStateProvinceIDPostalCodeModifiedDate Napa Ct.NULLBothell :00: Mt. Dias Blv.NULLBothell :00: Roundtree DriveNULLBothell :00: Glenside DrNULLBothell :00: Shoe St.NULLBothell :00:00.000

Entities are related The Database structure is based on relationships between entities Business rules dictate this relationship Can a person have more than one address? Yes at Amazon. Maybe no at your company This relationship is indicated by a foreign key relationship between the tables. The primary key field is stored on the relatedtable to indicate the relationship. 11

Relationships can get complicated This is the relationship between a person and an address in the adventure works 2014 database 12

Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) An OLTP system is a transactional system with real time data interaction. A system that a person interacts with in real time, like a bank website, or an online classroom at GCU, are OLTP systems. The data is current and constantly updated. 13

Other database configurations Data Warehouse Reporting Server Archive Server Data Mart In these types of systems the data may be out of data by some amount of time. They can be used to keep load off of a system, or perhaps a system needs a subset of data from a different system. For example, a mobile map system may only get location updates daily. 14

Administration and Development Database architecture and design Writing code (stored procedures, functions, triggers, etc.) Optimization and Performance Security Backups Installation and Setup Change management and Deployment 15

Interacting with Data T-SQL is the language used to interact with SQL Server. Based on ANSI SQL standard. Data Manipulation Language (DML): Interacts with the data Data Definition Language (DDL): Defines objects When creating a table, you are using DDL, when putting data into a table, you are using DML Basic DML Operations: Select – Gets data from a table Insert – Puts data into a table Update – Modifies data in a table Delete – Removes data from a table 16

SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) 17

T-SQL Example 18

SQL Server Integration Services What is Integration Services? How do I get started using SSIS? What is a Control Flow? What is a Data Flow? What are Source? What are transformations? 19

Integration Services 20

Difference between Control Flow and Data Flow 21

Sources,Destinations and Transformations 22

Microsoft SQL Server Analysis Services What is Microsoft SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS) History of SSAS Purpose of SSAS Why and When implement SSAS Data Marts vs. Enterprise Data Warehouse's (EDW’s) How to work with SSAS Query Language and Purpose What’s the future of SSAS? 23

What is Microsoft SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS) SSAS is an OnLine Analytical Processing (OLAP), data mining and reporting tool SSAS is used to analyze and make sense of information buried deep in an organizations OnLine Transactional Processing database (OLTP) That’s why it’s called a ‘Data Base’, not an ‘Information Base’ This data can possibly be spread out across multiple databases This data can reside in disparate tables Microsoft includes the following services in SQL Server related to Business Intelligence (BI) and data warehousing: Integration Services Analysis Services Reporting Services 24

History of SSAS In 1996, Microsoft acquired Canada-based Panorama Software an OLAP software technology company (codenamed Plato) In 1998, Microsoft released OLAP Services as part of SQL Server 7 (codename Sphinx) In 2000, Microsoft released Analysis Services It was renamed from "OLAP Services" due to the inclusion of data mining services (codename Shiloh) In 2005, Microsoft released the next generation of OLAP and data mining technology as Analysis Services 2005 (codename Yukon) In 2008, Microsoft released Analysis Services 2008 (codename Katmai) In 2012, Microsoft released Analysis Services

Purpose of SSAS An OLAP Cube deals with Historical or Archival Data How much should WalMart give you when you return an item? An OLAP Cube is characterized by relatively low volume of transactions Typically read-only. Used for reporting, not transactions! OLAP Queries tend to be very complex and involve aggregations Sales by Region, Sales by Product Group, Sales by Quarter/Year Speed OLAP consists of three basic analytical operations: Consolidation (roll-up), Drill-down, and Slicing and dicing. Consolidation involves the aggregation of data that can be accumulated and computed in one or more dimensions. Drill-down is a technique that allows users to navigate through the details Slicing and dicing is a feature whereby users can take out (slicing) a specific set of data of the OLAP cube and view (dicing) the slices from different view points.OLAP cube Reduced pressure on the OLTP Create a ‘Single Source of the Truth’ 26

Why and When implement SSAS The top reasons for using SSAS are: You can build high-level aggregated reports and dashboards in seconds Users can generate their own reports with drag and drop capability You have the ability to centralize items such as key performance indicators (KPIs). SSAS relieves the reporting burden from the OTAP Like any tool, SSAS is not always necessary (or even beneficial) If all your reports are simply listing Names and Addresses, listing Products and current inventory level, etc… 27

Enterprise Data Warehouse's (EDW’s) and Data Marts A Data Warehouse is: “A relational database schema which stores historical data and metadata from an operational system to facilitate the reporting and analysis of the data, aggregated to various levels”. A Data Warehouse contains the Entire Enterprises Data A Data Mart is: “The access layer of the data warehouse environment. The data mart is a subset of the data warehouse which is usually oriented to a specific business line or team.” A Data Mart contains one group of the enterprises Data So in short, a data warehouse contains many subject areas, and a data mart as containing just one of those subject areas. 28

How to work with SSAS (2008, 2008R2) Analysis Services is installed through the SQL Server Installation process To create a new Analysis Services project, follow these steps: 1.Select Microsoft SQL Server 2008 > SQL Server Business Intelligence Development Studio from the Programs menu to launch Business Intelligence Development Studio (BIDS) 2.Select File > New > Project. 3.In the New Project dialog box, select the Business Intelligence Projects project type. 4.Select the Analysis Services Project template. 5.Name the project and select a location to save it. 6.Click OK to create the new project. 29

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How to work with SSAS (2012, 2014) In SQL Server Data Tools (SSDT): 1.Click File, point to New, and click Project. 2.In the New Project dialog box, in the Project types pane, select Business Intelligence Projects. 3.In the New Project dialog box, in the Visual Studio installed templates category, select Analysis Services Project. 4.In the Name text box, type the name of the project. The name you enter will be used as the default database name. 5.In the Location drop-down list, type or select the folder in which to store the files for the project, or click Browse to select a folder. 6.To add the new project to the existing solution, in the Solution drop-down list, select Add to Solution. 7.Click OK. 31

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Query Language and Purpose The Query Language of an SSAS Cube is called MultiDimensional eXpressions (MDX) language. While it is possible to translate some of these into traditional SQL, it would frequently require the synthesis of clumsy SQL expressions even for very simple MDX expressions. MDX has been embraced by a wide majority of OLAP vendors and has become the standard for OLAP systems. MDX is used to: Query the SSAS Cube to retrieve data from Analysis Services MDX Expressions define default measures and defining security MDX Functions order tuples in a set, count members of a dimension or perform string manipulation 33

Simple MDX Query 34 SELECT Measures.[ Sales] ON COLUMNS, [Product].[ Product Line]. MEMBERS ON ROWS FROM [ProductsCube] WHERE ([ Product].[ Color].[ Silver]) SELECT Measures.[ Sales] ON 0, [Product].[ Product Line]. MEMBERS ON 1 FROM [ProductsCube] WHERE ([ Product].[ Color].[ Silver]) SQL Equivalent: SELECT SUM(T1.Sales) AS [Sales], T2.Product Line, T2.Color FROM Sale.Sales AS T1 JOIN Product.Products AS T2 ON T1.ProductKey = T2.ProductKey WHERE T2.Color = ‘Silver’ GROUP BY T2.Product Line, T2.Color

A Typical Cube 35

The BI Semantic Model 36

What’s the future of SSAS? 37 PowerPivot Power View Tabular Model Column Store Index Power Query Power Maps Power BI Designer In-Memory OLTP Azure HDInsight (Hadoop)

SQL Server Reporting Services What is SQL Server Reporting Services? SSRS is a server based report generating software. This software allows developers to create graphical reports from a set of data. It allows the viewers an aggregated view of complex data without manipulating raw data. Reports can be published to a web reporting server. 38

SQL Server Reporting Services How do I create a report? All reports start with a dataset From Raw Data To an Organized Report 39

SQL Server Reporting Services Setting up your Sources Data Sources: Server and DB where the Dataset pulls information from Datasets: This houses the query(or other data driver) that populates the report Shared Data Sources: A Shared source can be used by all reports in the project, while the Embedded source can only be used by the report in which it is created. Using a shared Data Source make maintenance easier because only 1 source will need to be changed. Reports: These are the reports that are tied to the project. If an embedded data source is used, any changes would need to be made to each report to insure data integrity. 40

SQL Server Reporting Services Reports in Action: Report Drill Through Developers can link reports together and pass parameter values to display details of the data that drives the aggregation. 41

SQL Server Reporting Services Reports in Action: Report Drill Through Clicking on the data field below will pass territory and group parameters and only display this specific data in a new report. 42

SQL Server Reporting Services Benefits of SSRS: Drill down feature allows users to see the data behind the aggregations. Reports are published to a report server for easy categorization and viewing. Reports can be run and sent through an automatic subscription. They can be tied to security roles. Customizable to include branding, graphs, and KPI’s. 43

Thank you for coming and please come next month to the West Valley SQL Server Users group