The Settlement of New England and the Restoration Colonies

Essential Questions What made the English settlement of New England distinctive? How did the English Civil War affect the colonies in America?

The Pilgrims Separatists Immigrated to Netherlands Obtained permission from King to settle in Americas Mayflower departs 1620 The Mayflower Compact Created colony at Plymouth

Plymouth Colony

The Mayflower Compact, 1620

The Mayflower Clip american-history/king-philips- war/videos/deconstructing-history- mayflower?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined &f=1&free=false

William Bradford

First Thanksgiving

The Puritan Experiment Non-separatist Puritans – Purify the Anglican church Got a charter to create MA Bay Co No separation between church/state – Theocracy Families = Pop. Growth John Winthrop:..we shall be as a City on a hill.The eyes of all people are upon us.

The Expansion of New England Roger Williams wanted to abandon allegiance to Anglican church Banished and created colony of R.I. Religious toleration (Jews too) Roger Williams

Puritan Rebels: Anne Hutchinson Anne Hutchinson Intelligent, charismatic, strong willed Dislike of clergy Antinomianism – Her ideas above the church Tried for heresy and banished

The Trial of Anne Hutchinson

Religious Dissent and New Colonies

The Settlers and the Natives Decimated by disease, forced to sell land Market for manufactured goods Wild animals disappeared Problems w/ domesticated animals Despair and alcoholism

The Pequot War, 1637

King Philip’s War Wampanoags led by Metacomet/King Philip Conflict over land and application of English law 1,000 whites killed in raid Settlers w/ help of Mohawks capture King Philip New technology led to large # of casualties King Philip

Population of the New England Colonies

How did the English Civil War affect the colonies in America?

The English Civil War Charles I’s relationship w/ Parliament Charles I is beheaded at end of Civil War Cromwell reign short lived Charles II is restored to throne Gives land to friends/ those he is indebted to

The Carolinas Eight male proprietors Methods for attracting settlers – Religious freedom for Christians – Rep. assembly Northern vs. Southern differences Division Indigo Long grain rice

Rice and Indigo Exports from SC and GA:

New Netherlands becomes New York James Duke of York rec’d land from Charles II Already colonized by Dutch English fleet forces surrender – Promise not to displace those already there – Religious toleration Appointed gov, no rep. assembly

Dutch Residue in New York Names  Harlem, Brooklyn Architecture  gambrel roof Customs  Easter eggs, Santa Claus, waffles, bowling, sleighing, skating, kolf [golf]. Early 20 c Dutch Revival Building in NYC.

The Quakers Society of Friends name origin Rejected predestination in favor of the “inner light” Persecution due to beliefs – Unique role of women Persecution in other colonies Needed a colony of their own

William Penn King owed Penn’s father Large grant given Diverse colony Great relationship w/ Natives Eventually granted Charter of Liberties Colony prospered

Quaker Meeting

Royal Land Grant to Penn

Treaties W/ Native Americans

Georgia: The Buffer Colony King George II gave James Oglethorpe land Goals: buffer and haven for impoverished Restrictive – Small land holdings – Excluded Africans, Catholics – Rum prohibited Hard to get settlers  remove restrictions

The Dominion of New England, 1686 King James II combined gov’t of MA w/ all New England colonies Appointed one governor Incredibly unpopular Sir Edmund Andros Official Seal

The Glorious Revolution, 1688 James II became increasingly unpopular William and Mary replace James II in a peaceful revolution Colonists hear news and get rid of Andros and Dominion of New England Some changes from William and Mary