HAPPY MONDAY! 1. What was the overall message of the Monroe Doctrine?

ELECTION OF 1824  John Quincy Adams (MA)  Henry Clay (KY)  Andrew Jackson (TN)  William Crawford (VA)

BUT…  Jackson-32 votes short from winning majority in the Electoral College  No one wins the majority of Electoral College -> top 3 candidates move to the House of Representatives  Jackson, Adams, Crawford (Clay had lowest #)

BUT…  Henry Clay was Speaker of the House … aka MOST influential  Clay pushes for John Quincy Adams and he WINS

THEN…  John Quincy Adams makes Henry Clay his Secretary of State

JACKSON’S RESPONSE  “Corrupt Bargain”  Claims Clay had approached Jackson with same offer  Resigns in the Senate and vows to win next election

RECAP…. 1. Who won the election? 2. Why was the election moved to the House of Representatives? 3. Why is this referred to as the “corrupt bargain”?

AGE OF JACKSON  Jackson beats Adams for re-election  SPOILS SYSTEM: wins election, gives government jobs to supporters, friends and relatives as a reward

JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY  Remove property qualifications for voters  Extend to more WHITE, MALES  Appealed to the “common man”  Became known as “Old Hickory”

NATIVE AMERICAN RELATIONS  Indian Removal Act  Federal government provide funds to negotiate treaties to force Natives out west  Jackson viewed this as “generous”  Cherokee v. Georgia  John Marshall refuses to rule, states the Cherokee had no federal standing, they were a “domestic, dependent nation”  Worcester v. Georgia  Worcester was a missionary citizen who took the case back to the Supreme Court  Court ruled Georgia was not entitled to regulate the Cherokee or invade their land  Jackson refuses to abide, “Marshall made his decision, let him enforce it”

TREATY OF ECHOTA  SMALL, NON-REPRESENTATIVE portion of Cherokee sign the treaty  Gives away 8 million acres of land for $5 million and land “west of Mississippi”  Do you think this was fair?

TRAIL OF TEARS (1838)  Fully executed by Jacksons successor (Martin Van Buren)  Forced removal of the Cherokee from Georgia to Oklahoma  800 mile trip  More than ¼ of the Cherokee population dies during the journey  Federal officials stole their money and livestock along the way

TRAIL OF TEARS

JACKSON ON NULLIFICATION  Tariff of Abominations issued  Protect Northern economy, South has to buy more expensive Northern goods  John C. Calhoun (SC) claims nullification (anonymously)  Senator Hayne supports nullification and states rights, Senator Webster opposes  South Carolina  Declare 1828 and 1832 tariffs VOID and threatens secession if officials tried to collect duties  JACKSON IS FURIOUS  Threatens to hang Calhoun and would use federal force to enforce the tariffs  Passes the “Force Bill” in allowing federal government to use army and navy against SC  1833 Henry Clay proposes a tariff bill that would lower duties over a 10 year period (PEACE)

 1832 Jackson vetoes the recharter for the Bank of the United States  Charter was not due to expire until 1836 but Clay and Webster propose earlier renewal  Jackson describes the BUS as a “privileged” institution  Said the BUS had unfair advantage over state banks  BUS stockholders, not average Americans, were making interest  “Monster that corrupted our statesmen and wanted to destroy our republican instutiton”  “Pet Banks”- small, state banks that received money from the government JACKSON AND THE NATIONAL BANK

OPPOSITION TO JACKSON  Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams, Daniel Webster form the WHIG PARTY  Split from Democratic Party  Favor American System, federal banking system, national currency

YOU’RE DONE  Show me your notes for points then start your project!