Copyright © 2006 Heathkit Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved Introduction to Networking Technologies Peer-to-Peer Vs. Client/Server

2 Networks can be classified by: Topology (Bus, Star, Mesh, Ring) Technology (Ethernet, Token Ring, etc.) Media (10Base5, 10Base2, 10BaseT, etc.) Size (LAN, MAN, WAN)

3 Networks can be classified according to where the resources reside and how the resources are accessed.

4 Peer-to-peer Server-based or Client/server

5 The Client is the computer requesting the use of a resource. May I have Worksheet-101? Client Server

6 The Server is the computer providing the resource. Sure, here it is! Worksheet-101 Client Server

7 In some networks, every computer acts as both a Client and a Server. Client & Server Client & Server Client & Server

8 Peer-to-Peer Network Client & Server Client & Server Client & Server

9 Peer-to-Peer Benefits Easy to implement. Inexpensive and easy to operate. Does not require a special operating system. Fault tolerant.

10 Easy to Implement

11 Easy to Implement

12 Easy to Implement Hub

13 Inexpensive Additional Hardware 6 NICs 5 Cables 6 “T” connectors 2 Terminators Additional Software-None Labor- 2 Hours Training- Little Bus Implementation Star Implementation Additional Hardware 6 NICs 6 Cables 1 Hub Additional Software-None Labor- 2 Hours Training- Little

14 No Special Operating System Needed. Windows 9X Windows ME Windows XP Windows 2000 Bus Star

15 Fault Tolerant. Hub

16 Peer-to-Peer Limitations Lack of Security Lack of Consistent Administration Lack of Performance Lack of Scalability

17 Share-Level Security Each resource is assigned a password. Any user who knows the password can use the resource. Access to resources is hard to control. Can result in a blizzard of passwords or a “common” password.

18 Lack of Consistent Administration Security Back up Detailed knowledge Accountability

19 Lack of Performance All computers become multi-user machines. A typical PC’s performance appears to drop drastically whenever two or more people use the machine at the same time.

20 Lack of Scalability Scalability is the ability to grow gracefully. Peer-to-peer works fine with a few computers, but it does not grow well. As each new computer is added, the peer- to-peer network becomes less secure and less manageable.

21 Client/Server Network Client Server Hub

22 Benefits of the Client/Server Network Improved security Better performance Better administration Scalability

23 Improved Security User-level Security Server authenticates: User User’s password User’s location Server determines which resources the user may access.

24 Improved Security (Continued)

25 Improved Performance Client is relieved of the burden of server Server can be optimized Network Operating System adds administration and management capabilities.

26 Better Administration Centralized security Centralized data Consistent policies Administrative tools Accountability

27 Scalability The client/server network grows gracefully. A single server may handle 50 or more clients. Additional servers can be added. Specialized servers File server Print server Communications Server

28 Limitations of the Client/Server Network More expensive More complex Less fault tolerant

29 More Expensive More Hardware More Software Administration Cost

30 More Complex More difficult to update and repair Specialized knowledge required Dedicated experts required

31 Less Fault Tolerant Server Client

32 Which type of network is appropriate? It depends on: Size Level of security required Budget

33 The Peer-to-Peer Network is appropriate when: There are a small number of computers involved; usually, about 10 or less. Security is not a major issue. Common in Small-Office/Home Office (SOHO) situation.

34 The Client/Server Network is appropriate when: There are more than 10 computers involved. Security is an issue.

35 Now, it’s your turn.