Chapter 8 Body Organization and Structure Preview Section 1 Body OrganizationBody Organization Section 2 The Skeletal SystemThe Skeletal System Section 3 The Muscular SystemThe Muscular System Section 4 The Integumentary SystemThe Integumentary System Concept Mapping

Chapter 8 Section 1 Body Organization Question of the Day Match the body system in the first column with the correct function in the second column: 1. respiratory system a. regulates body functions 2. muscular system b. breaks down food 3. digestive system c. pumps blood 4. circulatory system d. absorbs oxygen 5. endocrine system e. moves bones Record your answers on your paper.

Chapter 8 Objectives Describe how tissues, organs, and organ systems are related. List 11 major organ systems. Identify how organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis. Section 1 Body Organization

Chapter 8 Cells, Tissues, and Organs The purpose of the many cells in your body is to help your internal environment stay stable. Keeping things in your body constant in a changing environment is called homeostasis. Section 1 Body Organization

Chapter 8 Cells, Tissues, and Organs, continued A group of similar cells working together forms a tissue. Your body has four main kinds of tissue. Section 1 Body Organization

Chapter 8 Cells, Tissues, and Organs, continued Two or more tissues working together to carry out a specialized function form an organ. Section 1 Body Organization

Chapter 8 Working Together Organs that work together make up an organ system. Organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis. Your body has 11 major organ systems. Section 1 Body Organization

Chapter 8

Section 2 The Skeletal System Question of the Day Brainstorm some problems you would have if you lacked bones. Do you know any kinds of animals that don’t have bones? Do you know of any animals that wear their “skeletons” on the outside of their bodies? Can you think of a human invention that is similar to an external skeleton? Record your answer on your paper.

Chapter 8 Objectives Identify the major organs of the skeletal system. Describe four functions of bones. Describe three types of joints. List three injuries and two diseases that affect bones and joints. Section 2 The Skeletal System

Chapter 8 Bones Bones, cartilage, and the connective tissue make up your skeletal system. Bone Structure If you cut a bone in half you would have two areas. The hard outer ring of the bone is called the compact bone. The center part of the bone is called spongy bone, this is where the marrow is found. Bone Growth Most bones start out as a flexible tissue called cartilage. Eventually, most cartilage is replaced by bone. Section 2 The Skeletal System

Chapter 8 Section 2 The Skeletal System

Chapter 8 Joints A place where two or more bones meet is called a joint. Joints are held together by ligaments. Section 2 The Skeletal System

Chapter 8 Skeletal System Injuries and Diseases Bones may be fractured or broken. Ligaments can be stretched or torn. Arthritis is a disease that causes the joints to swell or stiffen. Osteoporosis is a disease that causes bones to become less dense. Section 2 The Skeletal System

Chapter 8 Section 3 The Muscular System Question of the Day List five body parts that you use when you drink a glass of water. Record your answer on your paper.

Chapter 8 Objectives List three kinds of muscle tissue. Describe how skeletal muscles move bones. Compare aerobic exercise with resistance exercise. Describe two muscular system injuries. Section 3 The Muscular System

Chapter 8 Kinds of Muscle The muscular system is made up of the muscles that let you move. Smooth muscle - found in the digestive tract and the walls of blood vessels. Cardiac muscle - found in the heart. Skeletal muscle - attached to your skeleton. Section 3 The Muscular System

Chapter 8 Movement Muscles Attach to Bones Tendons are connective tissue that connect skeletal muscles to bones. Muscles Work in Pairs Skeletal muscles often work in pairs. A muscles that bends a body part is called a flexor. A muscle that straightens a body part is an extensor. Section 3 The Muscular System

Chapter 8 Section 3 The Muscular System

Chapter 8 Muscular Movement and Bones Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept Section 3 The Muscular System

Chapter 8 Use It or Lose It Resistance Exercise During resistance exercise, people work against the resistance, or weight, of an object to strengthen their skeletal muscles. Aerobic Exercise Steady, moderately intense activity is called aerobic exercise, and strengthens the heart and increases endurance. Section 3 The Muscular System

Chapter 8 Muscle Injury A strain is an injury in which a muscle or tendon is overstretched or torn. People who exercise too much can hurt their tendons. Inflamed tendons is called tendonitis. Some people try to make their muscles stronger by taking drugs. Drugs are called anabolic steroids and can cause health problems. Section 3 The Muscular System

Chapter 8 Section 4 The Integumentary System Bellringer List at least three situations in which dogs pant. How do humans respond to those same situations? Why do you think dogs pant? Do you know of any other animals that pant? Write your responses in your science journal.

Chapter 8 Objectives List four functions of skin. Describe the two layers of skin. Describe the structure and function of hair and nails. Describe two kinds of damage that can affect skin. Section 4 The Integumentary System

Chapter 8 Functions of Skin Your skin, hair, and nails make up your integumentary system. Skin protects you by keeping water in the body and keeping bad stuff out. Nerve endings in your skin lets you feel things. Skin regulates body temperature and also helps get rid of waste chemicals. Section 4 The Integumentary System

Chapter 8 Layers of Skin Epidermis The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin. Most cells in the epidermis are dead. Dermis The thicker layer of skin underneath the epidermis is the dermis. Section 4 The Integumentary System

Chapter 8 Section 4 The Integumentary System

Chapter 8 Hair and Nails A hair forms at the bottom of a tiny sac called a hair follicle. Hair helps protect skin from ultraviolet light and helps regulate body temperature in most mammals. A nail grows from living cells in the nail root at the base of the nail. Nails protect the tips of your fingers and toes. Section 4 The Integumentary System

Chapter 8 Skin Injuries Skin can repair itself. Damage to genetic material in skin cells can cause skin cancer. Section 4 The Integumentary System

Chapter 8 Body Organization and Structure Concept Mapping Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide. connective epithelial nervoustissues homeostasisorgan systems organscells

Chapter 8 Body Organization and Structure

Chapter 8 Body Organization and Structure