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2 Music in the Temple: Organization/Administration chapter 13 People in the Presence of God ©2014 Barry Liesch Biola University, La Mirada CA

3 Praise the Lord with the lyre, make melody to him with the harp of ten strings. Sing to him a new song; play skillfully on the strings, with loud shouts. Ps 33:1,2

4 In the Tabernacle No music for 400 years   Moses to David ( ) A symbolic worship   No sermons   A worship of actions, gestures

5 Times change Israel: a rich, settled nation Israel: a rich, settled nation  not wandering any longer  400 years of Tabernacle worship  now living in spacious homes David thinks of building temple David thinks of building temple  buys land for site  gathers materials; treasure chest  Solomon builds Temple

6 With the Coming of the Temple Much stays the same Same basic structure Same basic structure  Outer court: High Altar, Laver  Holy Place: Menorah, Incense, Bread  Veil blocking entrance to Holy of Holies  Holy of Holies: Ark, Mercy Seat Same 5 sacrifices Same 5 sacrifices  Burnt, Sin/Guilt, Reparation, etc. But 3 major innovations –which?

7 Temple Three innovations Worship centered in Jerusalem Capital of Israel 2. 3 yearly festivals   Passover (April)   Feast of Weeks (May/June)   Feast of Tabernacle/Booths (Oct/Nov) 3. Elaborate music organization   Complex, costly

8 Today’s Worship Leader as Music Administrator Takes over 60% of time List 5 administrative tasks Planning weekly service Planning weekly service Planning major celebrations Planning major celebrations Library, gathering, rehearsing Library, gathering, rehearsing Band/Instrument/Choir rotations Band/Instrument/Choir rotations Media supervision Media supervision

9 Temple Worship Model What can we learn? Need for Need for  Good organization?  Musical training? Value of Value of  Large celebrations?  Christian calendar? Unrestricted use of instruments Unrestricted use of instruments

10 An issue that arises Is “big” bad? Is “big” bad? Is “simple” better than complex? Is “simple” better than complex? What does the Temple organization teach us?

11 God’s plan God tells David the details of the furniture, divisions of priests and levites, music service in the temple God tells David the details of the furniture, divisions of priests and levites, music service in the temple  all this… the Lord made me understand in writing by His hand upon me, all the details of this pattern 1 Chron28:19 Major resources committed to music Major resources committed to music

12 Organization 3 levitical, musical families 3 levitical, musical families  Asaph, Heman, Jeduthun 1 Chr 25:6 24 music groups I Chr 25:31 24 music groups I Chr 25:31  Why 24? 2 per tribe? Or for 48 weeks? 288 master teachers 1 Chr 25:7 288 master teachers 1 Chr 25:7  12 for each of the 24 groups I Chr 25:9ff 4000 musicians (total) 4000 musicians (total)

13 Instruments employed strings strings  including guitar-like harps woodwinds woodwinds  flute, aulos brass brass  shophar percussion percussion  David’s chief musician a percussionist

14 Musician Living arrangements scattered in hamlets throughout Israel scattered in hamlets throughout Israel  assigned land in 24 districts  land given in perpetuity subsistence farming subsistence farming receive the tithe receive the tithe

15 Musician responsibilities each group performs in temple each group performs in temple  2 times a year for a week (24×2=48) a new group arrives each week a new group arrives each week  people (?) in each group  draw lots for performance dates  constant travel to and from Jerusalem several performances daily several performances daily  cannonical hours

16 3 Major Festivals Responsibilities All 24 groups perform at All 24 groups perform at  feast of Passover (april)-->Easter  feast of Weeks (may/june)-->Pentecost  feast of Tabernacles (oct)->Thanksgiving  = 4 weeks of major festivals 4000 musicians serve 500,000? 4000 musicians serve 500,000?  multiple choirs, orchestras, events Dispersion into stations Dispersion into stations

17 Supervision 3 family heads live in Jerusalem coordinate weekly rotation coordinate weekly rotation plan major festival events plan major festival events

18 Plan Reviewed Small groups perform twice yearly Small groups perform twice yearly  coming in and going out from Jerusalem  24 × 2 = 48 weeks All groups available for 3 festivals All groups available for 3 festivals = 4 weeks [48+4= 52 weeks] = 4 weeks [48+4= 52 weeks] Levitical musicians get land, tithe Levitical musicians get land, tithe Supervisors/master teachers Supervisors/master teachers Males only Males only

19 Divide into four groups/Write answers Group Discussion 1. What do you think of plan 2. What surprised you? 3. What were plan’s strengths? 4. Any weaknesses?

20 Strengths of Plan? Formidable resources (4000) Formidable resources (4000)  both small and large, mass groups Quality maintained Quality maintained  professionals, master teachers  supervision Motivational? Motivational?  each small group performs 2x yearly  mass group performs 3x yearly Variety ensured? Variety ensured?  each group unique (personality, skill)

21 Weakness of Plan? Costly Costly Complex Complex Labor intensive Labor intensive Inefficient? Inefficient? Why did God do it this way?

22 Hebrew Tithe Financial Cost? 10% for Levites, Temple upkeep 10% for Levites, Temple upkeep 10% for Festivals 10% for Festivals 3 ½ % for poor 3 ½ % for poor 25% tax/offering?

23 What we can learn from plan? Don’t divorce pastors/musicians educationally (musicians were Levites) Don’t divorce pastors/musicians educationally (musicians were Levites)  Priests & Musicians: same family & education Music programs are costly Music programs are costly Supervision and training necessary Supervision and training necessary Pay professionals? Tithe received Pay professionals? Tithe received Modular structures-- prevents burn-out Modular structures-- prevents burn-out Massed resources for festive occasions Massed resources for festive occasions

24 Compared to churches today...do we have Pastors and musicians wedded? Pastors and musicians wedded? Master teachers? Master teachers? Adequate resources committed? Adequate resources committed? Motivation? Motivation? Variety? Variety?

25 An issue that arises Is “big” bad? Is “big” bad? Is “simple” better than complex? Is “simple” better than complex? What does the Temple organization teach us?

26 Musicians as Prophets? Samuel tells Saul Samuel tells Saul  You will meet a group of prophet coming down from the high place with harp, tambourine, flute, and lyre…and they will be prophesying. (I Sam 10:5-6) Musicians “to prophesy” with lyres, harps, and cymbals (1 Chron 25:1) Musicians “to prophesy” with lyres, harps, and cymbals (1 Chron 25:1)  Performing in power of the Divine Spirit

27 Were Musicians Prophets? Asaph, Heman, Jeduthan called seers Asaph, Heman, Jeduthan called seers Jahaziel’s prophecy (2 Chron 20:14) Jahaziel’s prophecy (2 Chron 20:14) Close connection of music & prophetic office. Close connection of music & prophetic office. Curtis & Madsen Curtis & Madsen  The writer gives song the same dignity as exhortation…ranks the singers with the prophets of Israel

28 Musicians as Prophets? Tom Finley (Talbot OT professor) Tom Finley (Talbot OT professor)  We don’t pay enough attention to the form in which prophecy has been communicated.

29 Musicians as Prophets? Tom Finley (Talbot OT professor) Tom Finley (Talbot OT professor)  We don’t pay enough attention to the form in which prophecy has been communicated.  Over half is in poetic form.

30 Musicians as Prophets? Tom Finley (Talbot OT professor) Tom Finley (Talbot OT professor)  We don’t pay enough attention to the form in which prophecy has been communicated.  Over half is in poetic form.  Yet pastors view the form as a hindrance…feel you have to strip away the form and convert it to propositional statement to really understand it

31 Feast of Tabernacles (October) Torch Dancing Ceremony erected bleachers in courtyard erected bleachers in courtyard put up four 50ft high lamps put up four 50ft high lamps  priests scampered up ladders  lit up all of Jerusalem  like Olympic flame! torch-dance till exhausted or dawn torch-dance till exhausted or dawn priests make music on temple steps priests make music on temple steps

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