Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan Aspen Winter 2003 Conference on Particle Physics: At the Frontiers Jan BLACK HOLES & GRAVITONS AT HECs Maria Spiropulu Enrico Fermi Institute UofC

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan What ? A singular classical object (black hole) A massles spin 2 particle whose long- wavelength interactions are described by general relativity (graviton)  produced in high energy collisions!!

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan It is a matter of scale and geometry From contact interaction to a gauge boson: the G F E 2 behavior was tamed at short length scales From gauge theory to string theory the G N E 2 behavior seems to be tamed at even shorter length scales –With this comes a change in how we perceive spacetime geometry and dynamics: eg. Extra dimenisons –The Standared Model, Supersymmetry and the Kaluza-Klein theory under one umbrella

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan Models of extra dimensions Large compact extra dimensions (ADD type) Warped extra dimensions (RS type) inverse TeV extra dimensions (Ignatios type) (most) all hybrids and combinations of above Fat branes, skiny branes, solid branes, soft branes, no branes, curved bulk, flat bulk, supersymmetric bulk, gravity in the bulk, gauge fields in the bulk, no gauge fields in the bulk, fermions in the bulk, no fermions in the bulk, right handed neutrinos in the bulk, &tc

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan As JoAnne taught me Only high Tc superconductivity you cannot solve with extra dimensions everything else YES EWKB hierarchy problem SUSY Breaking flavor Breaking neutrino masses proton decay suppression Grand Unification the cosmological constant...

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan Going down, a step at a time Bring down the Planck to the GUT to the TeV scale in string theory with extra dimensions, the 5th slightly bigger, and then even bigger and then more of them huge (eg Kaluza-Klein, Witten- Horava, Lykken, ADD, RS) M Planck, M string, M GUT, M*, M D,M ?, M EWK

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan Black Holes Initial current work by Banks+Fisckler(hep- th/ ), Dimopoulos+Landsberg(hep- th/ ), Giddings+Thomas(hep- ph/ ) Rizzo(hep-ph/ ),Chang (hep- ph/ ) goes back to early work by D’Eath and Payne [mosre recent Eardley+Giddings gr- qc/ , Yoshino+Nambu gr- qc/ ]

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan Black Hole, mass, radius, entropy A gravitational potential well whose gravitational potential energy is greater than the energy required to get out of the well = Black Hole G N M BH (R S ) -1 = 1  G N M BH = R S –the radius of a black hole  mass of the black hole Entropy S BH ~black hole area~R S 2 ~M BH 2

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan High Energy vs High Entropy At higher and higher energies the production of a class of objects with higher and higher entropy will suppress the production of everything else… or, iow above the energy scale where BH can be produced, ONLY BH will be produced what is that energy scale? Is it possible that LHC turns on and we can only do diffraction particle physics and the rest is all black holes? And stringy stuff?

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan String State Entropy The mass of an Nth mode string state is M 2 string = N M S 2 and the associated string state entropy S string =M string /M S S string ~M string, S BH ~M 2 BH scales: Planck, String, Effective Planck ? M BH min > M S, M* S BH S string energy S ?

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan BH domination Conservatively BH production should dominate for M BH ~(5-10)M* cross section:  ij BH = F(s)  R 2 S F(s)<1 (not all energy gets trapped, geometrical considerations for spherical formation etc) arguments for suppression(Voloshin et al) but overall domination(Rizzo, D’Eath and Payne etc) 

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan BH Production Total cross section for BH formation eg. for n=2…7 by proton proton scattering at LHC (14 TeV). Assume M*=1 TeV and threshold for Black Hole formation at M BH,min = 3 M*=3 TeV Cavaglia et all/hep-ph/

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan With or Without suppressions Rizzo hep-ph/

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan BH decay Hawking radiation with 1/T=dS/dE~M BH ~R S Decay like a point source into brane modes and bulk modes. Gravity couples democratically so expect final state with GaugeBoson:Quark:Leptons= 29:72:18 (although recent work by Tao Han et al points to modification depending on the brane configuration) High Multiplicity stuff with a lot of jets until the BH shrinks and stringy modes show up

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan LHC maybe a Black Hole factory Dimopoulos & Landsberg # of in e or  decay channels as a function of BH mass Shadow=2…7 extra dimensions, -- total SM bgr, … Z(ee)+X {even Higgs and SUSY discovery in the BH decays, the dimensionality of space &tc…]

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan Oven Fresh ( the gangs of arizona) Mocioiu,Nara,Sarcevic hep-ph/

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan (brief) Model Description & Parameters ADD-type –# of extra dimensions,  –effective Planck scale, M D RS-type –curvature of AdS 5, k –extent of 5th dimension, R       M Pl (8  ) -½ e - kR  0 RR AdS 5

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan (brief) Model Description & Parameters ADD –m n = (n 2 /R 2 ) ½ n=(n 1,n 2,…n  ) –evenly spaced KK states –set M D =1 TeV   =1 R m  =2 R~0.4 mm 1/R~ eV  =4 R~10 -5 mm 1/R~20 keV  =6 R~30 fm 1/R~7 MeV RS –m n =kx n   (8  ) ½ (M Pl ) -1 x n denotes the roots of the first-order Bessel function –not evenly spaced KK states –set   =1 TeV  kR ~ m 1 ~TeV order

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan Collider Signatures KK-Graviton Emission., KK-Graviton Exchange, KK-Graviton Resonant Production, KK-Boson Resonant production Monojets+Missing Energy, Dijets+Missing Energy, Monophotons+Missing Energy, Diphotons+Missing Energy, Dijets, Dileptons, Dileptons+missing energy, Diphotons, Dibosons Results/Studies LEP, TeVI, TeVII, LHC, NLC/TESLA

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan High Mass Dijet Event Run event Dijet Mass = 1364 GeV (corr) cos  * = 0.30 z vertex = -25 cm J1 E T = 666 GeV (corr) 583 GeV (raw) J1   = 0.31 (detector) = 0.43 (correct z) J2 E T = 633 GeV (corr) 546 GeV (raw) J2  = (detector) = (correct z) Corrected E T and mass are preliminary (thanks to Rob Harris)

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan Backgrounds Z  + jets W   + jets W  e + jets QCD Dibosons tt, single top –STRATEGY: Normalize wherever possible using data  normalize using Zee data  normalize using Zee data, SM W/Z ratio and universality  normalize using dijet data  normalize using theory cross section

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan Backgrounds

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan Zee: standard(izable) candle

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan Zee: standard candle

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan

Eg. Graviton Emission

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan Eg Graviton exchange

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan Signal topology

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan Signal topology

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan

two events are real CDF data and one is graviton simulation; Can you pick the graviton?

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan Monojet+missing energy: DØ limit

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan Ian Hinchliffe Monojet + missing energy: LHC reach

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan Davoudiasl, Hewett,Rizzo 1500 GeV KK graviton/ its tower of states at LHC 500 GeV KK graviton and neutral gauge boson excitations e+e-e+e- 500 GeV KK graviton/ its tower of states at a lepton collider RS phenomenology

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan A spin 2 graviton: Can we tell? 1.5 TeV graviton in Randal Sundrum at LHC

Large Hadron Collider (CERN, 2006) new accelerators for new physics Linear Collider (?,~2012)

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan Plethora of new models that involve extra dimensions Use Extra Dimensions Geomerty to solve: EWKB hierarchy problem SUSY Breaking flavor Breaking neutrino masses proton decay supression Grand Unification the cosmological problem More ideas are being explored

Maria Spiropulu, Aspen, Jan