Computer Hardware & Operation Northern College Diploma Philip Bird

Computer Hardware & Operation Philip Bird Bits and Bytes Computers work with on’s and off’s – Binary digital values 0 and 1. Binary digits (bits) are usually organised into groups of 8 – a byte. We can use a byte to represent a whole number (integer), a fraction (real) and a character. We can also represent negative numbers.

Computer Hardware & Operation Philip Bird Converting to Binary Base 4 Base 3 Base 2 Base 1 Base Decimal Binary

Computer Hardware & Operation Philip Bird Converting from Binary = = 22

Computer Hardware & Operation Philip Bird Binary Addition = = =219

Computer Hardware & Operation Philip Bird Storing Characters =65 ‘A’ =97 ‘a’ =43 ‘+’

Computer Hardware & Operation Philip Bird Storing Negative Numbers = = = =-128

Computer Hardware & Operation Philip Bird Storing Fractions 1/21/41/81/161/ =13/ =23/32

Computer Hardware & Operation Philip Bird Logic Gates Used to process the binary digits. Originally made as valves, then transistors then integrated into circuits on a chip. History of smaller, faster, denser, cheaper. Each gate governed by a rule.

Computer Hardware & Operation Philip Bird NOT Gate NOT Rule: The output is the opposite of the input. InOut

Computer Hardware & Operation Philip Bird AND Gate AND Rule: The output is 1 if all the inputs are 1. In1In2Out

Computer Hardware & Operation Philip Bird OR Gate OR Rule: The output is 1 if any of the inputs are 1. In1In2Out

Computer Hardware & Operation Philip Bird XOR Gate XOR Rule: The output is 1 if either of the inputs are 1 but not both. In1In2Out