As I would not be a slave, so I would not be a master. This expresses my idea of democracy.

Although Lincoln did not defeat Douglas for the Illinois Senate seat in 1858, he did establish a national reputation for himself and made clear the Republican Party principles. “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half-slave and half-free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved…but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other.” A. Lincoln

A Nation Divides  The Election of 1860  The South Reacts  The Civil War Begins

 Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln  Democrats split Northern Democrats – Stephen Douglas Southern Democrats – John C. Breckenridge  Constitutional Union Party (new) chose John Bell (moderate who wanted to keep the Union)  Lincoln was elected as President.

 Southerners believed that the election of Lincoln meant the South no longer had a voice in government  Senator John Crittenden of KY made a last effort for a compromise, proposing a Constitutional amendment guaranteeing slavery where it already existed, but it did not work

 In Dec. of 1860, South Carolina became the first state to secede (break away from Union)  Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas also seceded.  Formed a new nation, the Confederate States of America  Jefferson Davis became their president.

 When Lincoln took office he said, “In YOUR hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in MINE, is the momentous issue of civil war…We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection.” – Lincoln, First Inaugural Address What does he mean?  Civil War – war between people of the same country.

 Battle of Fort Sumter (April 12, 1861) Confederates demanded that Fort Sumter surrender Union troops refused Confederates opened fire April 13 – Union surrendered Start of 4-year civil war 4 more states join the Confederacy after the Battle of Fort Sumter (AK, TN, VA, NC)