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This is a type of change that produces a new substance. Examples of this change includes.. combustion (burning), cooking an egg, rusting of an iron pan, and mixing hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide to make salt and water. What are chemical changes? ANSWER:

This type of change does not produce a new substance. Examples….Changes in state or phase (melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, sublimation) are physical changes. Examples of physical changes include crushing a can, melting an ice cube, and breaking a bottle. What are physical changes? ANSWER:

These are the basic building blocks of matter that make up everyday objects. What are atoms? ANSWER:

This is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. What are elements? ANSWER:

A composition of two or more substances that are not chemically combined with each other and are capable of being separated. What is a mixture? ANSWER:

This cannot be separated into 2 or more substances by physical or mechanical means What are pure substances? Examples include - Table sugar and table salt

This is the measurement of the force of gravity on a object. What is weight?

This is the measurement of how much matter an object contains. What is mass?

This is the measurement of how much mass is contained in a given volume is called. What is density? D V M

This is what liquids are measured with. What is a graduated cylinder?

The SI unit for mass is the.. Kilogram

This is how liquid water, ice, and water differ from each other. What are different states of matter? LAST SLIDE

Motion. An object when its distance from another object is changing

Reference Point. The place or object used for comparison to determine if something is in motion?

the International System of Units the system of measurement

Meter. the basic SI unit of length

Speed. the distance the object travels per unit of time Speed= Distance Time Ex: 72 miles per hour

Velocity. the speed in a given direction Velocity= Speed + Direction Ex: 25 km/h eastward

Acceleration the rate at which velocity changes?

These are the 3 Kinds of Change in Motion What are… Increasing Speed Decreasing Speed Changing Direction ExamplesExamples of each

Examples for the 3 Kinds of Change in Motion Increasing Speed- ex: To pass another car, it must accelerate by going faster Decreasing Speed- ex: A rolling ball slows down Changing Direction- ex: In car races, the accelerate at the curves when the cars turn.

This is the Formula of Acceleration Acceleration= Final velocity – Initial velocity Time GRAPHING ACCELERATION

Graphing Acceleration You can use a graph to analyze the motion of an object that is accelerating. A slanted, straight line on a graph means the acceleration is constant A curved line on a graph means the acceleration varies each second. Just a straight, horizontal means there is no movement.

Force A push or pull exerted on an object

Net Force The overall force on an object after all the forces are added together zero

What are Unbalanced Forces & Balanced forces? Unbalanced forces acting upon an object will change the object’s motion Balanced Forces acting on an object will not change the object’s motion zero

Inertia The tendency of an object to resist change in its motion

What is Newton’s First Law of Motion An object will remain at rest, and an object that is moving at constant velocity will continue moving at constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

What is mass Amount of matter in an object

Newton’s Second Law of Motion The net force on an object is equal to the product of its acceleration and its mass

Formula for Force Force = Mass x Acceleration

Force For Acceleration Acceleration = Force Mass

Newton The force required to accelerate one kilogram of at 1 meter per second per second 1 N = 1 kg x 1 m/s²

Friction: 3 Kinds of Friction Friction- the force that one surface exerts on another when the two rub against each other Sliding friction- when solid surfaces slide over each other Rolling friction- when an object rolls over a surface (needs much less force than sliding friction) Fluid friction- when an object moves through a liquid or a gas

Gravity and Weight Gravity- the force that pulls objects toward each other Weight- the force of gravity on an object at the surface of a planet Weight = mass x 9.8 m/s² 9.8 m/s² is the acceleration due to gravity

Free Fall When an object falls because of gravity as the only force on it

Projectile An object that is thrown

Air Resistance Objects falling through air experience a type of fluid friction called air resistance

Terminal Velocity The greatest velocity an object reaches

Newton’s Third Law of Motion If one object exerts a force on another object, then the second object exerts a force of equal strength in the opposite direction on the first object.

Equal but Opposite Forces According to Newton’s third law of motion, when reaction forces and action forces push against each other, the reaction is an equal and opposite motion.

Do Action-Reaction Forces Cancel? Balanced forces cancel out.

Momentum The product of its mass and its velocity

Formula for Momentum Momentum = Mass x Velocity

Law of Conservation of Momentum The total momentum of the objects that interact does not change

Satellite Any object that travels around another object in space

Centripetal Force Any force that causes an object to move in a circle Centripetal means “center-seeking”

Why doesn’t an orbiting satellite fall back to Earth? Satellites in orbit around Earth continually fall toward Earth, but because Earth is curved they travel around it.

Work Force exerted on an object that causes it to move

Is it possible to work without moving? No, in order for you to do work on an object, the object must moved some distance as a result of your force.

Formula for Work Work = Force x Distance

Joules (J) The unit of work 1 J = 1 N [newton] x 1m [meter]

Machine A device with which you can do work in a way that is easier of more affective

Input Forces and Output Forces Input force- the force you exert on the machine Output force- the force exerted by a machine

Efficiency The percentage of the input work that is converted to output work Efficiency = Output work x 100% Input work

Mechanical Advantage (Actual and Ideal) Mechanical Advantage- the number of times a force exerted on a machine is multiplied by the machine M.A. = Output force Input force Actual Mechanical Advantage- a real situation M.A. Ideal Mechanical Advantage- no friction: 100% efficiency

6 Kinds of Simple Machines Inclined Plane Wedge Screw Lever Wheel and Axle Pulley

Fulcrum The pivot point on a lever

Compound Machines A machine that utilizes more than two simple machines

Gears Two or more wheels linked together by interlocking teeth LAST