Age of Exploration 1400 to 1700

Why did Europeans begin to explore outside of Europe? Italian monopoly made Asian spices and other trade goods expensive Overland trade was dangerous, costly, and long Silk Road Trans-Saharan Routes

Sooooo…… Other Europeans needed to find a water route to Asia so they could trade directly with Asia Italians had land route locked up Ottomans had taken over Byzantine Empire and closed trade

Reasons to Explore Europeans wanted to: Break the Italian Monopoly GOLD (what does this mean?) Spread Christianity GOD Gain fame and adventure GLORY Thrill of exploration Influence of Renaissance (How?) Marco Polo explorations inspired young explorers Know him

What did Europeans know about the world? NOT MUCH! Europeans needed to find a sea route to Asia but lacked the knowledge and the techniques needed to sail out of sight of land ?

New technology needed for exploration Europeans did not know how to sail out of sight of land until… Prince Henry the Navigator Portugal Remember him! Established a school of navigation

Prince Henry’s School Prince Henry’s school attracted the best cartographers, mathematicians, astronomers, and explorers Define cartographer Why do you need these types of people? Create new innovations for sailing and test new techniques

Prince Henry’s school Henry the Navigator also sponsored explorations that led to a Portuguese Empire Portugal is 1st to have an empire outside of Europe since the Romans Portugal becomes wealthy from trade

Technology that allowed open-sea exploration Europeans needed better maps By 1300, area around the Mediterranean was well mapped but the rest of the world was unknown As Europeans traded, they were able to get maps by Egyptians, Arabs, and Byzantines which were used to improved European maps

Technology that allowed open-sea exploration Ptolemy (Ancient Egyptian Greek) introduced the grid system based on latitude and longitude Remember him! Lived 100 to 178 AD His map was the best Europeans of the 1300s had

Technology that allowed open-sea exploration Better navigational knowledge and tools from the Arabs and Chinese Knowledge of astronomy Astrolabe Device that helped you navigate by the stars Know this term. Compass Device for direction

Technology that allowed open-sea exploration The Caravel Definition? New type of ship using the new innovations Multiple masts Rudder in the back Lateen sail Triangular so could be angled to catch the wind Drew little water so could be taken up shallow inlets and beached for repairs Important? Outfitted with cannons and rifles

Age of Exploration The Causes 1. Trade with Asia 3. Technology 2. Land route was closed. -Wanted to trade with Asia—especially China and India -Wanted silks and spices -Since the Middle Ages, Europeans had been trading with Asia along the Silk Road -too expensive Thanks to new technology, Europeans could make ocean voyages. Technology like…. the caravel ship the magnetic compass the astrolabe (finds latitude) In 1453, the Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople and from then on, the land route to Asia was closed to Europeans. Italians controlled trade with Middle East. So Europeans tried to find a sea route to Asia.

Portugal is the 1st to break the Italian Monopoly Vasco da Gama 1st European to sail around Africa to India Remember him! Opened up trade with India Portugal becomes a wealthy trading nation--temporarily

Spain wants in on the action! Christopher Columbus Remember him! Wanted to sail west to reach China or Japan and establish trade for Spain Didn’t realize he had actually found a new continent. Opened up the New World for colonization

After Columbus’ voyages, Spain and Portugal both claimed land outside of Europe Pope was afraid of a war between them So…..

Pope arranges the Treaty of Tordesillas Definition? Divided the world for colonization between Spain and Portugal Line of Demarcation Portugal-east of line East Indies and Brazil Spain-west of line Most of Western Hemisphere

PROBLEM! No one knows how big the world is! Spain sent Ferdinand Magellan to determine where the Line of Demarcation was exactly Know him! His crew becomes the first to circumnavigate the earth Definition?

Remember… Why did Europeans want to explore? Reasons to explore Gold God Glory

Age of Exploration When Where How What Who Why 15th century (1400s) through the 17th century (1600s) Where How Europeans explored the world by ocean. Turned away from trade in the Med. Sea and began trade with the Americas and trade on the Atlantic Ocean. New technology made long-distance sailing possible. Astrolabe, magnetic compass, the Caravel Age of Exploration What Who Originally, Europeans were searching for a sea route to Asia, looking for trading partners and trade goods, especially valuable spices. The giants were Columbus and Magellan. Why To get to Asia!